Pemberontakan Agustus
peristiwa pemberontakan melawan Uni Soviet di Georgia
Pemberontakan Agustus (bahasa Georgia: აგვისტოს აჯანყება, agvistos adjanq’eba) adalah sebuah pemberontakan gagal melawan pemerintahan Soviet di Republik Sosialis Soviet Georgia dari akhir Agustus sampai awal September 1924.
Pemberontakan Agustus | |||||||
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Para pemberontak Georgia yang dikenal sebagai "Sumpah Kesetiaan" (შეფიცულები) di bawah komando Kakutsa Cholokashvili | |||||||
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Pihak terlibat | |||||||
Komite Kemerdekaan Georgia kelompok gerilya Georgia lainnya | |||||||
Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
Joseph Stalin Sergo Orjonikidze Semyon Pugachov Solomon Mogilevsky Levan Gogoberidze Lavrenti Beria Shalva Tsereteli |
Spiridon Chavchavadze Kakutsa Cholokashvili Iason Javakhishvili Mikheil Javakhishvili Kote Andronikashvili Mikheil Lashkarashvili Svimon Tsereteli Eko Tsereteli Sergo Matitaishvili Avtandil Urushadze Nikoloz Ketskhoveli Evgen Gvaladze | ||||||
Korban | |||||||
tidak diketahui, diperkirakan sedikit |
3,000–3,500 tewas dalam pertarungan; | ||||||
7,000–10,000 orang dieksekusi |
Berniat merestorasi kemerdekaan Georgia dari Uni Soviet, kebangkitan tersebut dipimpin oleh Komite Kemerdekaan Georgia, sebuah blok organisasi politik anti-Soviet yang diketuai oleh Partai Sosial Demokrat (Menshevik) Georgia. Ini mewakili puncak perjuangan tiga tahun melawan rezim Bolshevik yang Tentara Merah Soviet Rusia dirikan di Georgia saat kampanye militer melawan Republik Demokratik Georgia pada awal 1921.
Sumber
sunting- ვალერი ბენიძე (Valeri Benidze) (1991), 1924 წლის აჯანყება საქართველოში (1924 Uprising in Georgia). Tbilisi: სამშობლო ("Samshoblo") (in Georgian)
- ლევან ზ. ურუშაძე (Levan Z. Urushadze) (2006), ქაიხოსრო (ქაქუცა) ჩოლოყაშვილის ბიოგრაფიისათვის (For the biography of Kaikhosro (Kakutsa) Cholokashvili).- "ამირანი" ("Amirani"), XIV-XV, მონრეალი-თბილისი (Montreal-Tbilisi), pages 147–166, ISSN 1512-0449 (in Georgian, English summary).
- Ariel Cohen (1998), Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis. Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 978-0-275-96481-8.
- Raymond Duguet (1927), Moscou et la Géorgie martyre. Préface de C. B. Stokes. Paris: Tallandier.
- Stephen F. Jones (October 1988). "The Establishment of Soviet Power in Transcaucasia: The Case of Georgia 1921–1928". Soviet Studies. 40, No. 4 (4): 616–639. JSTOR 151812.
- Amy W. Knight (1993), Beria: Stalin's First Lieutenant, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, ISBN 978-0-691-01093-9.
- David Marshall Lang (1962). A Modern History of Georgia, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
- Karl E. Meyer (Summer 2001). "Icebergs in the Caucasus". World Policy Journal CODA. XVIII (2). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 October 2007.
- Ghia Nodia, Álvaro Pinto Scholtbach, coordinators-editors (2006), The Political Landscape of Georgia. Eburon Delft, ISBN 978-90-5972-113-5.
- Roger William Pethybridge (1990), One Step Backwards, Two Steps Forward: Soviet Society and Politics in the New Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-821927-9.
- Rudolph J. Rummel (1990), Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917. Transaction Publishers, ISBN 978-1-56000-887-3.
- Boris Souvarine (2005), Stalin: A Critical Survey of Bolshevism, Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4191-1307-9.
- Ronald Grigor Suny (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-20915-3.
- Akaki Surguladze, Paata Surguladze (1991), საქართველოს ისტორია, 1783–1990 (History of Georgia, 1783–1990), Tbilisi: Meroni. (in Georgian)
- Markus Wehner (1995). "Le soulèvement géorgien de 1924 et la réaction des bolcheviks". Communisme. n° 42/43/44: 155–170.
Pranala luar
sunting- A documentary film "1924" (includes original footage) di YouTube[pranala nonaktif]. Retrieved from YouTube on 4 September 2007.