Resh (huruf Semit)
Resh (bahasa Arab: rāʾ) adalah huruf ke-20 dalam banyak abjad rumpun bahasa Semit, termasuk abjad Fenisia, abjad Aram, abjad Ibrani ר dan abjad Arab rāʾ ر. Nilai bunyinya adalah konsonan rhotik: biasanya [r] atau [ɾ], tetapi juga [ʁ] atau [ʀ] dalam bahasa Ibrani. The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Rho (Ρ), Etruscan r , Latin R, and Cyrillic Р.
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fenisia | Ibrani | Aram | Suryani | Arab |
ר | ܪ | ر | ||
Alfabet turunan |
Yunani | Latin | Kiril | |
Ρ | R | Р | ||
Representasi fonemik: | r, ɾ, ʁ, ʀ | |||
Urutan dalam alfabet: | 20 | |||
Nilai huruf/Gematria: | 200 |
Asal usul
Abjad Semitik |
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Abjad Fenisia (c.1050 – 200 SM) |
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Abjad Ibrani (400 SM – sekarang) |
Niqqud · Dagesh · Gematria |
Abjad Suryani (200 SM – sekarang) |
|
Abjad Arab (400 SM – sekarang) |
|
Kata resh umumnya dianggap berasal dari pictogram sebuah "kepala", awalnya dari kata Proto-Semitik *raʾ(i)š-. Kata gabungan (cognate) Semitik Timur, riš, adalah salah satu kemungkinan pembacaan fonetik untuk tanda kuneiform Sumeria bagi "kepala" (SAG 𒊕, ) dalam bahasa Akkadia.
Huruf Ibrani Resh
Orthographic variants | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Various Print Fonts | Cursive Hebrew |
Rashi Script | ||
Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
ר | ר | ר |
Hebrew spelling: רֵישׁ
In Hebrew, Resh represents a rhotic consonant that has different realizations for different dialects:
- In modern Hebrew: A voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], which is also the most common Resh pronunciation in Hebrew.
- In Ashkenazi pronunciations: Sometimes a uvular trill [ʀ] or alveolar trill [r]. Among English speakers, sometimes an alveolar approximant [ɹ] as in English.
- In Sephardic and Mizrahi pronunciations: Either an alveolar trill [r] or tap [ɾ].
Resh, along with Ayin, Aleph, Hei, and Het, is one of the letters that does not receive a dagesh by convention. In the Yemenite tradition, Resh is treated as most other consonants in that it can receive a dagesh hazak under certain circumstances. And in the most widely accepted version of the Hebrew Bible, there exist 17 cases where Resh is marked with a dagesh.[butuh rujukan]
Resh in gematria represents the number 200.
Sebagai singkatan
Resh as an abbreviation can stand for Rabbi (or Rav, Rebbe, Rabban, Rabbenu, and other similar constructions).
Resh may be found after a person's name on a gravestone to indicate that they were a Rabbi or to indicate the other use of Rav, as a generic term for a teacher or a personal spiritual guide.
Pemakaian
Resh digunakan dalam frasa Israel: setelah seorang anak mengatakan sesuatu yang salah, orang akan berkata "B'Shin Qof, " (dengan Shin, Qof, Resh). Huruf-huruf ini membentuk kata Sheqer, yang merupakan kata Ibrani untuk "kebohongan; dusta", seperti mengatakan "Itu B-O-H-O-N-G."
Huruf Arab rāʾ
Huruf ini dinamai rāʾ راء dalam bahasa Arab. Ditulis dalam beberapa cara tergantung posisinya dalam suatu kata:
Cara penulisan huruf (ر) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Posisi Lepas | Posisi Awal | Posisi Tengah | Posisi Akhir |
ر | (Tidak ada) | (Tidak ada) | ـر |
Kode karakter
Pratayang | ר | ر | ܪ | ࠓ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nama Unicode | HURUF IBRANI RESH | HURUF ARAB REH | HURUF SURYANI RISH | HURUF SAMARIA RISH | ||||
Pengodean | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 1512 | U+05E8 | 1585 | U+0631 | 1834 | U+072A | 2067 | U+0813 |
UTF-8 | 215 168 | D7 A8 | 216 177 | D8 B1 | 220 170 | DC AA | 224 160 147 | E0 A0 93 |
Referensi karakter numerik | ר |
ר |
ر |
ر |
ܪ |
ܪ |
ࠓ |
ࠓ |
Pratayang | 𐎗 | 𐡓 | 𐤓 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nama Unicode | HURUF UGARIT RASHA | HURUF ARAM IMPERIAL RESH | HURUF FENISIA ROSH | |||
Pengodean | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 66455 | U+10397 | 67667 | U+10853 | 67859 | U+10913 |
UTF-8 | 240 144 142 151 | F0 90 8E 97 | 240 144 161 147 | F0 90 A1 93 | 240 144 164 147 | F0 90 A4 93 |
UTF-16 | 55296 57239 | D800 DF97 | 55298 56403 | D802 DC53 | 55298 56595 | D802 DD13 |
Referensi karakter numerik | 𐎗 |
𐎗 |
𐡓 |
𐡓 |
𐤓 |
𐤓 |