Wikipedia

Madonna

pemeran perempuan dan penyanyi asal Amerika Serikat
Revisi sejak 8 April 2020 06.11 oleh Sunday Tonics (bicara | kontrib) (→Videografi)
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Madonna (disambiguasi).

Madonna Louise Ciccone (lahir 16 Agustus 1958) adalah seorang penyanyi, aktris, dan pengusaha berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Ia merupakan salah satu figur paling besar dalam sejarah musik populer dunia dan mendapat julukan sebagai "Ratu Pop". Menurut Guinness World Records, ia merupakan penyanyi wanita tersukses sepanjang masa. Madonna dikenal akan produksi musik yang inovatif dan provokatif, koreografi dan pertunjukan panggung yang ekstravagan, serta video musik yang artistik. Sejak kemunculan dan dominasinya di dunia hiburan era 1980-an, Madonna telah mendefinisikan musik dan budaya pop dan menjadi pengaruh besar bagi banyak penyanyi di berbagai belahan dunia.

Madonna
Madonna pada November 2015
Madonna pada November 2015
Informasi latar belakang
Nama lahirMadonna Louise Ciccone
Lahir16 Agustus 1958 (umur 66) Bay City, Michigan, Amerika Serikat
Genre
Pekerjaan
Instrumen
Tahun aktif1979–sekarang
LabelSire, Maverick, Warner Bros., Live Nation Artists
Situs webwww.madonna.com

Madonna meluncurkan album pertamanya pada tahun 1983 di bawah label Sire Records, setelah sebelumnya mengawali karier sebagai drumer dan vokalis pada grup musik rock Breakfast Club dan Emmy. Madonna kemudian berhasil melesat menuju puncak popularitas melalui serangkaian album dan singelnya yang merajai tangga musik di banyak negara, serta video-videonya yang berhasil mendominasi tayangan MTV. Sepanjang perjalanan kariernya, Madonna telah mengeksplorasi beragam jenis musik dan mengubah citranya secara konstan. Karya-karyanya telah mendapat pujian dari kritikus musik internasional, namun juga sering menuai kontroversi akibat penggunaan tema seksualitas, agama, dan politik.

Madonna memperlebar kariernya dengan terjun di bidang seni peran. Sayangnya, karier akting Madonna tidak segemilang kiprahnya di dunia musik. Sebagian besar film Madonna tidak mendapat respon positif dari publik dan kritikus. Meskipun demikian, Madonna sempat meraih penghargaan "Aktris Terbaik" dari Golden Globe Awards berkat penampilannya di film Evita (1996). Selain itu, Madonna juga dikenal sebagai perancang busana, penulis buku anak-anak, sutradara, dan produser film. Ia telah diakui sebagai pengusaha jenius dan dinobatkan sebagai penyanyi wanita terkaya di dunia oleh majalah Forbes. Ia juga berhasil mendirikan perusahaan rekaman Maverick yang sukses meluncurkan karier sejumlah penyanyi seperti Alanis Morissette.

Madonna merupakan artis wanita terlaris sepanjang masa, dengan penjualan rekaman musik mencapai lebih dari 300 juta kopi di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2008, majalah Billboard merangking Madonna di nomor dua—di belakang The Beatles—dalam daftar Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, yang menjadikannya artis solo tersukses dalam sejarah tangga lagu Amerika Serikat. Sepanjang perjalanan kariernya, Madonna telah memenangkan banyak penghargaan dan mencatat berbagai rekor dalam Guinness World Records. Nama Madonna juga telah diabadikan di museum Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Kehidupan dan karier

1958–1981: Kehidupan awal

Madonna merupakan anak ketiga dari enam bersaudara, dari pasangan Madonna Fortin, seorang wanita keturunan Prancis-Kanada dan Silvio Anthony Ciccone, seorang pria Italia-Amerika yang aslinya berasal dari Pacentro, Abruzzo, Italia.[1][2][3] Ibunya meninggal dunia akibat kanker payudara saat Madonna berusia 5 tahun. Ayahnya kemudian menikah lagi dengan pengurus rumah-tangga keluarganya, Joan Gustafson.[4]

Madonna mengenyam pendidikannya di sekolah St. Frederick's dan St. Andrew's Elementary Schools dan kemudian West Middle School. Di sekolahnya ia dikenal sebagai siswi yang pintar. Setelah itu, ia melanjutkan pendidikannya di Rochester Adams High School dan menjadi anggota regu cheerleader. Setelah lulus dari sekolah itu, Madonna berhasil mendapatkan beasiswa tari di Universitas Michigan.[5] Guru ballet-nya lah yang meyakinkan Madonna untuk mewujudkan kariernya dalam bidang tari. Di usianya yang ke-19, Madonna kemudian memutuskan meninggalkan kuliahnya dan pindah ke Kota New York pada tahun 1977.[6]

Dengan uang senilai $35, Madonna nekad pergi ke New York dengan menggunakan pesawat dan taksi.[7] Walhasil, uangnya habis dan ia pun hidup dalam kemelaratan. Ia kemudian bekerja sebagai pelayan di restoran cepat saji Dunkin' Donuts dan sebagai penari.[8] Ia bahkan kemudian sempat menjadi model foto telanjang karena sangat membutuhkan uang. Madonna kemudian menjalin hubungan asmara dengan musisi Dan Gilroy, lalu kemudian bersama-sama membentuk grup band rock pertamanya, Breakfast Club.[9][10][11] Pada tahun 1980, Madonna meninggalkan grup tersebut dan membentuk grup Emmy bersama drummer dan mantan pacarnya, Stephen Bray.[12] Mereka kemudian bersama-sama memproduksi lagu-lagu tari yang berhasil mendapat perhatian klub-klub di Kota New York. DJ dan produser rekaman, Marka Kamins tertarik dengan demo rekaman Madonna, lalu kemudian memperkenalkannya kepada Seymour Stein, pendiri Sire Records, label rekaman di bawah Warner Bros. Records.[13] Madonna kemudian direkrut menjadi salah satu artis di perusahaan rekaman tersebut.[14]

1982–1985: Madonna, Like a Virgin dan pernikahan pertama

 
Madonna bersama band pengiringnya dalam konser "The Virgin Tour".

Setelah menandatangani kontrak rekaman dengan Sire Records, Madonna meluncurkan singel perdananya berjudul "Everybody" pada tanggal 6 Oktober 1982.[15] Setahun kemudian, Madonna merilis album pertamanya bertajuk Madonna. Album ini cukup sukses di pasaran dan mencapai peringkat 8 di tangga album Billboard 200 serta peringkat 10 besar di beberapa negara. Selain "Everybody", album ini juga menelurkan 4 singel lainnya, yaitu "Burning Up", "Hollyday", "Lucky Star" dan "Borderline". Perlahan-lahan, penampilan dan gaya berbusana Madonna mulai memengaruhi banyak gadis dan wanita hingga menjadikannya ikon mode pada dekade 1980-an.[16]

Madonna benar-benar meraih popularitas di seluruh dunia saat merilis album keduanya berjudul Like a Virgin pada tahun 1984. Album ini berhasil mencapai peringkat 1 di beberapa negara dan telah sukses terjual hingga 21 juta keping di seluruh dunia.[17] Singel dari album ini, "Like a Virgin", sukses menduduki posisi puncak tangga lagu Billboard Hot 100 selama enam minggu berturut-turut.[9] Madonna menampilkan lagu tersebut di pegelaran perdana MTV Video Music Awards dengan memakai gaun pengantin dan ikat pinggang "Boy Toy" yang menjadi ciri khasnya saat itu.[18] Penampilannya tesebut merupakan salah satu momen paling berkesan sepanjang sejarah MTV.[18]

Pada tahun 1985, Madonna mulai mencoba bidang akting dengan memerankan sosok seorang penyanyi klub di film Vision Quest. Ia juga merilis singel tema film tersebut, "Crazy for You", yang berhasil menjadi singel nomor-satu kedua Madonna di Amerika Serikat. "Crazy for You" mendapatkan reaksi kritikan yang amat bagus dari kritikus dunia, yang menyatakan bahwa Madonna juga handal dalam menyanyikan lagu balada. Hal inilah yang menjadikan Madonna menjadi favorit dalam memenangkan ajang Grammy Awards, dimana "Crazy for You" mendapatkan nominasi Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Namun, the biggest upset terjadi ketika Madonna gagal memenangkan penghargaan itu, meski banyak kritikus yang memprediksi Madonna akan menang.[19] Selanjutnya, Madonna juga tampil dalam film komedi Desperately Seeking Susan, yang memperkenalkan singel nomor-satu perdana Madonna di Britania Raya, "Into the Groove".[20] Madonna menjalin cinta dengan aktor Sean Penn, lalu kemudian mereka menikahi pada hari ulang tahun Madonna ke-27.[21]

Pada tahun itu, Madonna memulai tur konser perdananya bertajuk "The Virgin Tour".[22] Tur ini hanya digelar di Amerika Utara meskipun banyak permintaan dari Eropa dan Asia. Saat konsernya di gedung prestisius Radio City Music Hall, New York, Madonna memecahkan rekor dengan 17.672 tiket konser yang seluruhnya habis terjual dalam waktu 34 menit.[23] Madonna juga berpartisipasi dalam konser amal Live Aid untuk menggalang dana bagi krisis kelaparan di Ethiopia.

Pada bulan Juli 1985, majalah Penthouse dan Playboy menghebohkan dunia dengan menerbitkan foto-foto telanjang hitam-putih Madonna yang diambil pada tahun 1978 di New York.[24] Karena diterbitkan dalam media yang sah, Madonna tidak bisa mengambil tindakan hukum untuk menghentikan majalah-majalah tersebut.[24] Foto-foto tersebut diambil saat Madonna belum populer dan sangat memerlukan uang untuk bertahan hidup di New York. Saat itu, Madonna hanya dibayar $25 satu sesi pemotretan, sementara foto-foto itu sendiri berhasil terjual hingga $100.000.[24]

1986–1991: True Blue dan Like a Prayer

 
Madonna di sela-sela tur dunianya yang bertajuk "Blond Ambition World Tour" - 12 September 1990.

Pada tahun 1986, Madonna merilis album ketiganya bertajuk True Blue. Album ini berhasil mencapai peringkat satu di berbagai negara dan telah terjual lebih dari 24 juta keping.[25] Album ini sukses menempatkan tiga singel nomor-satu Madonna di tangga lagu Billboard Hot 100 yaitu "Live to Tell", "Papa Don't Preach" dan "Open Your Heart".[19] Pada tahun yang sama, film yang pertama kali dibintangi Madonna, Shanghai Surprise, mendapat sejumlah kritikan.[26]

Pada tahun 1987, Madonna kembali membintangi film Who's That Girl dan merilis album soundtracknya.[19] Pada tahun ini, Madonna menggelar tur musiknya bertajuk "Who's That Girl World Tour".[27] Madonna merilis album remix dari lagu-lagu hits-nya bertajuk You Can Dance. Pada tahun 1988, pemerintah Kota Pacentro, Italia mulai merancang patung Madonna setinggi 13 kaki (4 meter).[28] Patung ini dibangun untuk menandakan bahwa nenek moyang Madonna berasal dari kota tersebut.[29] Pada Januari 1989, Madonna resmi bercerai dengan suami pertamanya, Sean Penn.[21][30]

Album keempat Madonna, Like a Prayer, dilepas pada tahun 1989 dan menduduki peringkat satu di banyak negara termasuk tangga album Billboard 200.[31] Singel pertamanya, "Like a Prayer", meraih kesuksesan besar dan berhasil memuncaki berbagai tangga lagu dunia. Video musik lagu ini menampilkan banyak simbol agama Katolik seperti stigmata dan pembakaran salib, yang mendapat kutukan keras dari pihak Vatikan.[18] Perusahaan minuman ringan Pepsi awalnya mengontrak Madonna untuk lagu tersebut dan menampilkan video tersebut pada iklan komersialnya. Akibat kontroversinya, Pepsi memutuskan untuk mencabut iklan itu dan membatalkan kontraknya dengan Madonna.[32]

Tahun berikutnya, Madonna membintangi film adapatasi dari komik berseri, Dick Tracy. Untuk mengiringi film tersebut, Madonna merilis album soundtrack keduanya yang bertajuk I'm Breathless. Album ini menelurkan singel nomor satu ke-8 Madonna, "Vogue"[33] serta "Sooner or Later" yang memenangkan penghargaan Oscar kategori "Best Original Song".[34] Pada April 1990, Madonna memulai tur dunianya bertajuk "Blond Ambition World Tour", yang menampilkan tema seksual dan agama. Madonna pun menuai kontroversi atas penampilannya pada lagu "Like a Virgin" yang menampilkan dua penari pria yang mencumbu dirinya sebelum ia memperagakan adegan masturbasi.[27] Paus menghimbau kepada seluruh umat Katolik untuk tidak mengikuti konser Madonna.[35] Asosiasi Katolik bernama Famiglia Domani juga memboikot tur tersebut karena menampilkan sensualitas.[36]

Pada November 1990, Madonna merilis album kompilasi terbaik pertamanya bertajuk The Immaculate Collection. Album ini berisikan 15 hits Madonna sepanjang dekade 1980-an, ditambah 2 lagu barunya, "Justify My Love" dan "Rescue Me".[37] Album ini tercatat sebagai kompilasi terlaris di dunia oleh seorang penyanyi wanita dengan penjualan lebih dari 26 juta kopi. Singel nomor-satu kesembilan Madonna di Amerika, "Justify My Love", kembali menuai kontroversi dengan video musiknya yang menampilkan kekerasan seksual, ciuman sesama jenis dan ketelanjangan.[38] Akibatnya, video ini dilarang tayang oleh MTV dan VH1.[39] Pada masa ini, Madonna juga berpacaran dengan model dan aktor Tony Ward, lalu kemudian dengan rapper Vanilla Ice.[40]

1992–1996: Kontroversi buku SEX hingga kesuksesan Evita

 
Penampilan teatrikal Madonna dalam konser "The Girlie Show" (1993).

Pada tahun 1992, Madonna mendirikan perusahaan pertamanya, Maverick, yang terdiri atas perusahaan rekaman (Maverick Records), perusahaan produksi film (Maverick Films) serta divisi penerbitan musik, televisi, merchandise dan buku. Terbitan pertama perusahaan tersebut adalah buku kontroversial Madonna berjudul SEX. Buku tersebut memuat gambar-gambar karya fotografer Steven Meisel. Meskipun menuai reaksi keras di media, buku seharga $50 tersebut seketika laku keras sebanyak 1.500.000 eksemplar.[41][42] Album kelima Madonna, Erotica, yang dirilis pada tanggal 20 Oktober 1992, mencapai peringkat 2 tangga album Billboard 200.[42][43]

Pada tahun 1993, Madonna membintangi dua judul film, masing-masing Body of Evidence dan Dangerous Game. Madonna kembali mendapat kritikan untuk film Body of Evidence yang menampilkan erotisme.[44] Namun untuk Dangerous Game, Madonna menerima sejumlah pujian.[45] Pada akhir tahun 1993, Madonna menggelar tur konser bertajuk "The Girlie Show World Tour".[46] Turnya kali mendapat reaksi negatif di Puerto Riko, dimana saat di panggung ia menggosokan bendera negara itu di antara kakinya.Orang-orang Yahudi Ortodoks juga memprotes konser perdananya di Israel.[27] Pada tahun itu, saat Madonna tampil di acara Late Show with David Letterman, ia mengucapkan kata-kata kotor dan meminta Letterman untuk menciumi pakaian dalamnya.[47] Serangkaian kontroversi yang telah dilakukannya, membuat Madonna mendapatkan publikasi negatif dari kritikus dan penggemarnya yang menilai ia sudah terlalu jauh.[48]

Madonna mulai mencoba mengurangi kontroversinya dengan merilis singel "I'll Remember", yang direkamnya untuk film arahan Alek Keshishian, With Honors.[49] Ia kemudian mulai menunjukan penampilan jinaknya bersama David Letterman pada sebuah acara penghargaan dan juga saat tampil pada pertunjukan Jay Leno. Pada tahun 1994, Madonna merilis album keenamnya, Bedtime Stories. Dengan album ini, Madonna mencoba menarik kembali simpati publik dan melunakan citranya.[50] Album ini menelurkan singel "Take a Bow" yang menduduki peringkat satu Billboard Hot 100 selama tujuh minggu.[51][52] Sebagai tindak lanjut dari usahanya untuk melunakan citra, pada Mei 1995, Madonna merilis album kompilasi Something to Remember yang memuat lagu-lagu baladanya, ditambah 2 lagu baru: "You'll See" dan lagu daur ulang dari Marvin Gaye berjudul "I Want You".[53][19]

Pada tahun 1996, Madonna membintangi film tersukses sepanjang karier aktingnya, Evita.[54][55] Album soundtrack film ini memuat 3 singel Madonna, yaitu "You Must Love Me", "Don't Cry For Me Argentina" dan "Another Suitcase in Another Hall". Melalui film ini, ia kemudian meraih penghargaan Aktris Terbaik di Golden Globe Awards.[56] Pada masa ini, Madonna terlibat hubungan percintaan dengan pelatih fitness Carlos Leon. Pada tanggal 14 Oktober 1996, Madonna melahirkan anak pertamanya Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, buah dari hubungannya dengan Carlos Leon.[57] Setelah kelahiran anak pertamanya, Madonna mulai menganut kepercayaan Kabala, sebuah aliran mistis Yahudi.

1997–2002: Ray of Light, Music dan pernikahan kedua

Setelah kelahiran anak pertamanya, Madonna mulai terlibat dalam Kabalah, sebuah aliran mistisisme Yahudi. Ia diperkenalkan pada ajaran Kabalah pada tahun 1997 oleh aktris Sandra Bernhard. Setahun kemudian, Madonna meluncurkan album ketujuhnya, Ray of Light, yang langsung duduk di peringkat 2 tangga album Billboard 200.[52] Melalui album ini, Madonna berhasil meraih tiga penghargaan di Grammy Awards 1998 untuk kategori "Best Pop Vocal Album", "Best Dance Recording" dan "Best Short Form Music Video".[58][59] Singel pertama dari album ini, "Frozen", menduduki peringkat 2 di Billboard Hot 100.[19] Di Britania Raya, singel ini menjadi singel nomor-satu pertama Madonna dalam 8 tahun terakhir. Pada tahun 2005, lagu ini kemudian dituduh sebagai karya plagiat dari lagu ciptaan musisi Belgia, Salvatore Acquaviva yang berjudul "Ma Vie Fount L'camp". Akibatnya, album dan lagu Madonna ini dilarang beredar di Belgia.[60] Singel kedua dari album ini, "Ray of Light", menduduki posisi 5 di Amerika Serikat dan berhasil memenangkan penghargaan MTV Video Music Awards. Lagu ini juga dipakai Microsoft dalam kampanye iklan untuk memperkenalkan Windows XP.[61] Album Ray of Light merupakan salah satu album terbaik Madonna dan termasuk salah satu dari "Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[62]

Pada tahun 2000, Madonna membintangi film The Next Best Thing. Ia menyumbang dua lagu untuk film tersebut, yaitu "Time Stood Still" dan "American Pie", daur ulang lagu milik Don McLean.[63] Pada tahun yang sama Madonna merilis album kedelapannya, Music, yang langsung duduk di peringkat satu tangga album Billboard 200.[64] Album ini mencetak 3 singel: "Music", singel nomor-satu ke-12 Madonna di Amerika Serikat, serta singel "Don't Tell Me" dan "What It Feels Like for a Girl".[65] Madonna kembali menjalin hubungan percintaan, kali ini dengan Guy Ritchie. Pada tanggal 11 Agustus 2000, Madonna melahirkan seorang putra yang ia beri nama Rocco.[66] Pasangan tersebut kemudian menikah di Skotlandia pada tahun yang sama.[67] Setelah pernikahan tersebut Madonna menetap di Inggris dan menjadi wanita terkaya di negeri itu melebihi Ratu Elizabeth II.

Pada Mei 2001, Madonna memulai tur konser kerlimanya bertajuk "Drowned World Tour" di kota-kota Amerika Utara dan Eropa.[27] Tur tersebut menjadi salah satu tur terlaris tahun itu dengan keuntungan $75 juta dari total 47 buah pertunjukan sold-out.[68][69] Madonna kemudian merilis kompilasi terbaik keduanya bertajuk GHV2 yang muncul di posisi 7 di Billboard 200.[70] Pada tahun 2002, Madonna kemudian membintangi film Swept Away yang disutradarai suaminya, Guy Ritchie. Pada tahun yang sama ia merilis singel tema film James Bond, "Die Another Day". Singel ini mencapai peringkat 8 di Amerika Serikat dan menerima dua nominasi, yaitu Golden Globe Awards sebagai "Lagu Terbaik" dan Golden Raspberry sebagai "Lagu Terburuk".[19][71][72]

2003–2006: American Life, Confessions on a Dance Floor dan kasus adopsi

 
Penampilan Madonna dalam konser "Confessions Tour".

Pada tahun 2003, Madonna merilis album kesembilannya berjudul American Life yang memuat tema politik dan kehidupan masyarakat Amerika.[73] Meskipun mencapai peringkat 1 di banyak negara, album ini hanya terjual sebanyak 4 juta keping dan menjadi album dengan penjualan terendah sepanjang karier Madonna.[74][75] Singel yang berjudul sama dengan album ini, "American Life" kembali mengundang kontoversi akibat videonya yang menggambarkan peperangan dan peledakan. Singel ini hanya menduduki peringkat 37 di tangga lagu Billboard Hot 100.[19] Pada tahun yang sama, Madonna tampil dalam perhelatan MTV Video Music Awards, menampilkan lagu "Hollywood" bersama Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera dan Missy Elliott. Pada saat penampilan tersebut, Madonna mencium bibir Britney dan Christina, yang mengakibatkan kehebohan di media masa.[76][77] Pasca penampilan tersebut, Madonna menyumbangkan suaranya pada singel Britney yang berjudul "Me Against the Music".[78]

Pada tahun 2004, Madonna menggelar tur konsernya di Amerika Utara dan Eropa, bertajuk "Re-Invention World Tour". Ini merupakan tur musik tersukses pada tahun 2004 dengan keuntungan mencapai $125 juta.[79] Ia kemudian merilis dokumenter dari tur tersebut, I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. Pada tanggal 11 November 2004, Madonna dilantik ke dalam UK Music Hall of Fame atas kontribusinya yang fenomenal pada dunia musik Britania Raya. Pada tahun itu, majalah Rolling Stone juga menempatkan Madonna di posisi 36 dalam daftar "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".[80]

Pasca bencana tsunami tahun 2004, Madonna berpartisipasi dalam konser "Tsunami Aid" yang digelar untuk mengumpulkan dana bagi korban tsunami di Asia.[81] Pada bulan November 2005, Madonna meluncurkan album kesepuluhnya, Confessions on a Dance Floor.[82] Album ini mendapat resensi positif dari para kritikus dan mengembalikan Madonna ke puncak kesuksesan.[83] Singel pertama dari album ini, "Hung Up", berhasil memecahkan rekor dengan menduduki peringkat satu di 45 negara.[84] Singel keduanya, "Sorry", juga berhasil menjadi singel nomor satu ke-12 Madonna di Britania Raya.[85][86]

Pada bulan Mei 2006, Madonna memulai tur konser bertajuk "Confessions Tour". Turnya kali ini meraih kesuksesan besar, dengan jumlah penonton sebanyak 1,2 juta orang dan total keuntungan mencapai $260,1 juta.[87] Penggunaan simbol-simbol keagamaan pada saat penampilannya di lagu "Live to Tell" menyebabkan Gereja Ortodoks Rusia dan Federasi Komunitas Yahudi Rusia mendesak anggotanya untuk memboikot konser Madonna.[88] Pihak Vatikan dan para uskup dari Düsseldorf juga turut serta mengecam konsernya tersebut.[89][90]

Dalam rangkaian turnya, Madonna terbang ke Malawi untuk membantu dan mendanai sebuah panti asuhan sebagai bagian dari program Raising Malawi.[91] Pada 10 Oktober 2006, ia mengadopsi seorang anak laki-laki bernama David Banda Mwale dari panti asuhan tersebut. Madonna mengganti nama anak tersebut menjadi David Banda Mwale Ciccone Ritchie.[92][93] Pengadopsian tersebut mendapat reaksi keras dari publik karena hukum Malawi mengatakan bahwa orang tua pengadopsi harus tinggal di negara tersebut selama satu tahun sebelum mengadopsi anak Malawi.[94] Pada acara The Oprah Winfrey Show, Madonna membantah tuduhan tersebut. Ia menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hukum tertulis di Malawi yang mengatur adopsi oleh pihak asing dan bahwa Banda telah menderita radang paru-paru setelah bertahan dari malaria dan tuberkulosis ketika ia bertemu dengan anak itu.[95][96] Kasus ini adopsi yang rumit ini akhirnya selesai pada 28 Mei 2008.[97]

2007–sekarang: Hard Candy dan Celebration

 
Madonna pada tur konser terlarisnya, "Sticky & Sweet Tour", tahun 2008.

Pada tahun 2007, Madonna merilis sebuah lagu "Hey You" dalam rangka seri konser Live Earth.[98] Lagu ini dapat diunduh di internet secara gratis di minggu pertamanya. Madonna kemudian mengumumkan keluarnya ia dari Warner Bros. dan menandatangani kontrak senilai $120 selama 10 tahun dengan Live Nation, sebuah divisi musik yang turut ia dirikan.[99] Pada tanggal 10 Maret 2008, Madonna dilantik ke dalam Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[100] Pada tahun ini, Madonna menulis dan memproduseri I Am Because We Are, sebuah film dokumenter tentang permasalahan hidup yang dihadapi masyarakat Malawi.[101] Madonna juga mensutradarai film pertamanya, Filth and Wisdom.[102]

Pada bulan April 2008, Madonna merilis album studio kesebelasnya, Hard Candy, yang langsung duduk di peringkat satu UK Albums Chart, Billboard 200 dan berbagai negara di dunia.[103][104] Singel pertama dari album ini, "4 Minutes", yang dibawakan duet dengan Justin Timberlake, berhasil menjadikan Madonna artis wanita tersukses di Britania Raya dengan 13 singel nomor-satu.[105] Dengan singel ini, Madonna juga berhasil mengalahkan Elvis Presley untuk jumlah Top 10 hits terbanyak di Amerika Serikat.[106] Untuk menyukseskan album ini, Madonna menggelar rangkaian konser bertajuk Sticky & Sweet Tour, yang berhasil menjadi tur artis solo tersukses dalam sejarah musik dunia, dengan keuntungan mencapai $280 juta.[107][108]

Pada bulan Desember 2008, Madonna resmi bercerai dengan suami keduanya, Guy Ritchie.[109] Tak lama kemudian, ia mulai menjalin hubungan dengan Jesus Luz, seorang model asal Brasil, yang lebih muda 30 tahun darinya. Madonna kembali mengadopsi seorang anak Malawi, Chifundo "Mercy" James.[110] Meskipun awalnya kembali mendapat tentangan, pada tanggal 12 Juni 2009, Pengadilan Tinggi Malawi mengabulkan permohonan Madonna untuk mengadopsi anak tersebut.[111]

Pada tahun 2009, Madonna merilis kompilasi terbaik ketiganya, Celebration. Album ini memuat lagu-lagu hits sepanjang 3 dekade perjalanan karier Madonna, termasuk singel baru berjudul "Celebration".[112]

Madonna membawakan lagu "Like a Prayer" pada konser Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief tanggal 22 Januari 2010.[113] Ia mengumumkan dirilisnya album live ketiganya, Sticky & Sweet Tour, pada 30 Maret 2010.[114]

Dari tanggal 9 November 2011 sampai dengan 13 November 2012, Madonna melakukan tur keliling dunia sebanyak 72 kali pertunjukan, dengan perkiraan total jumlah penonton lebih dari 1,6 juta orang. Berdasarkan majalah Billboard, selama tur tersebut memberikan Madonna pendapatan kotor sebesar $228 juta, sekaligus menempatkannya sebagai penyanyi paling laris pada tahun 2012.[115]

Warisan dan pengaruh

Menurut Rolling Stone, Madonna merupakan salah satu figur musik pop terbesar sepanjang masa.[116] Ia dinobatkan sebagai "Ratu Pop" oleh media dan publik atas kariernya yang terus melejit hingga beberapa generasi.[117] Pada tahun 2008, melalui daftar The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artist, majalah Billboard mengumumkan Madonna sebagai artis solo tersukses dalam sejarah tangga lagu Amerika.[118] Ia hanya dikalahkan oleh grup legendaris asal Britania Raya The Beatles.[118] Madonna juga memegang rekor sebagai artis wanita dengan album dan singel nomor-satu terbanyak sepanjang sejarah musik Britania Raya.[119] Nama Madonna juga termasuk ke dalam buku 100 Most Important Women of the 20th Century ("Seratus Wanita Paling Penting pada Abad 20"), yang diterbitkan Ladies' Home Journal pada tahun 1998.[120] Pada bulan Juli 2003, VH1 dan majalah People menempatkan Madonna di nomor tujuh dalam daftar "200 Ikon Kebudayaan Pop Terbesar Sepanjang Masa."[121] Madonna juga dilantik ke dalam Rock and Roll Hall of Fame pada tahun 2008.[122]

 
Penampilan Madonna saat "Sticky & Sweet Tour" yang merupakan tur konser tersukses tersukses sepanjang masa oleh seorang penyanyi solo.

Sepanjang tiga dekade perjalanan kariernya, Madonna telah sering mengubah citra dirinya, baik penampilan maupun musiknya. Biografer Fouz-Hernández menjelaskan bahwa pergantian citra tersebut merupakan kunci prestasi Madonna dalam kebudayaan pop.[123] Madonna mengubah citranya dengan secara kostan bekerja sama dengan artis dan produser berbakat yang belum dikenal, sehingga kemudian menjadi pusat perhatian media. Dengan melakukan hal yang demikian, Madonna telah menjadi contoh banyak kalangan bagaimana untuk mempertahankan karier seseorang di industri hiburan.[124] Madonna menggambarkan dirinya sebagai seseorang yang terus-menerus berganti citra dan pesonanya dari waktu ke waktu. Ian Youngs dari BBC News berkomentar, "Kemampuannya dalam mengikuti tren terbaru dan mengadaptasikan gayanya telah sering disebut-sebut sebagai pemelihara daya tariknya."[125] Cara Madonna dalam menggunakan unsur seks telah berdampak besar pada kariernya dan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat pada perbincangan publik mengenai seksualitas dan feminisme.[123] The Times menjelaskan: "Madonna, apakah kamu suka atau tidak, telah memulai sebuah revolusi besar bagi wanita dalam dunia musik."[126] Shmuel Boteach, penulis buku Hating women (2005), merasa bahwa Madonna bertanggung jawab besar dalam menghapus garis antara musik dan pornografi. Ia menambahkan: "Sebelum Madonna, barangkali perempuan lebih memopulerkan suaranya untuk menjadi seorang superstar. Tapi di dunia setelah kemunculan Madonna, bahkan penyanyi yang sangat orisinil seperti Janet Jackson sekarang merasa terpaksa untuk mengekspos tubuhnya di televisi nasional untuk menjual album-albumnya."[127]

Sejak kemunculannya, Madonna telah menanamkan pengaruh yang besar dalam musik kontemporer dunia. Penulis Mary Cross dalam buku biografi Madonna yang ditulisnya mencatat, "Pengaruh [Madonna] pada musik pop tidak terbantahkan dan menjangkau luas. Ikon baru musik pop mulai dari Nelly Furtado dan Shakira hingga Gwen Stefani dan Christina Aguilera (belum lagi Britney Spears) berhutang budi pada Madonna atas konsep yang ia cetuskan, seperti menggabungkan keseksian yang provokatif serta kekuatan perempuan ke dalam citra, musik, dan lirik-lirik lagunya.[128] Biografer Fouz-Hernández menambahkan, "Penyanyi-penyanyi perempuan seperti Britney Spears, Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, Kylie Minogue dan Pink seumpama putri-putri Madonna dalam pengertian bahwa mereka semua tumbuh besar dengan mendengarkan dan mengagumi Madonna, lalu kemudian memutuskan untuk meniru gayanya.[124] Di Indonesia, terdapat penyanyi Agnes Monica yang mengakui Madonna sebagai inspirasinya.[129] Madonna juga diakui atas keberhasilannya memperkenalkan musik dansa elektronik Eropa ke dalam kebudayaan pop Amerika, serta membawa nama-nama produser Eropa seperti Stuart Price dan Mirwais Ahmadzaï menuju popularitas.[124]

Madonna juga telah menerima pengakuan sebagai percontohan bagi para wanita bisnis di seluruh dunia. Madonna memiliki semacam kontrol finansial yang telah lama dicari oleh para wanita dalam industri.[130] Ia menghasilkan lebih dari 1,2 miliar dollar hanya dalam rentang satu dekade kariernya.[130] Madonna juga berhasil mendirikan perusahaan rekaman Maverick Records dan membawanya menuju kesuksesan.[131] Guinness Book of World Records menobatkan Madonna sebagai penyanyi wanita dengan penghasilan tertinggi di dunia, setelah memecahkan rekor penghasilan sebesar 26.6 juta poundsterling pada tahun 2004 saja.[132] Akademis dari London Business School mengakui bahwa Madonna adalah seorang "pengusaha dinamis."[133]

Diskografi

Artikel utama: Diskografi album Madonna dan Diskografi singel Madonna

Tur dan konser

Konser tur (keliling)

Judul Tanggal Album benua Pertunjukan Pendapatn Jumlah penonton Ref.
The Virgin Tour 01985-04-10April 10, 1985 – June 11, 1985 Madonna
Like a Virgin 		North America 40 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.5,000,000 — [134]
[135]
The Virgin Tour setlist
  1. "Dress You Up"
  2. "Holiday"
  3. "Into the Groove"
  4. "Everybody"
  5. "Angel"
  6. "Gambler"
  7. "Borderline"
  8. "Lucky Star"
  9. "Crazy for You"
  10. "Over and Over"
  11. "Burning Up"
  12. "Like a Virgin" (contains excerpts from "Billie Jean")
  13. "Material Girl"
Who's That Girl World Tour 01987-06-14June 14, 1987 – September 6, 1987 True Blue
Who's That Girl 		Asia
North America
Europe 		38 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.25,000,000 — [136]
[137]
Who's That Girl World Tour setlist
  1. "Open Your Heart"
  2. "Lucky Star"
  3. "True Blue"
  4. "Papa Don't Preach"
  5. "White Heat"
  6. "Causing a Commotion"
  7. "The Look of Love"
  8. "Dress You Up"/"Material Girl"/"Like a Virgin" (contains excerpts from "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)")
  9. "Where's the Party"
  10. "Live to Tell"
  11. "Into the Groove"
  12. "La Isla Bonita"
  13. "Who's That Girl"
  14. "Holiday"
Blond Ambition World Tour 01990-04-13April 13, 1990 – August 5, 1990 Like a Prayer
I'm Breathless 		Asia
North America
Europe 		57 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.62,700,000 — [138]
[139]
Blond Ambition World Tour setlist
  1. "Express Yourself" (contains excerpts from "Everybody")
  2. "Open Your Heart"
  3. "Causing a Commotion"
  4. "Where's The Party"
  5. "Like a Virgin"
  6. "Like a Prayer" (contains excerpts from "Act of Contrition")
  7. "Live to Tell" / "Oh Father"
  8. "Papa Don't Preach"
  9. "Sooner or Later"
  10. "Hanky Panky"
  11. "Now I'm Following You"
  12. "Material Girl"
  13. "Cherish"
  14. "Into the Groove" (contains elements of "Ain't Nobody Better")
  15. "Vogue"
  16. "Holiday" (contains elements of "Do the Bus Stop")
  17. "Keep It Together" (contains excerpts from "Family Affair")
The Girlie Show World Tour 01993-09-25September 25, 1993 – December 19, 1993 Erotica Europe
North America
South America
Asia
Oceania 		39 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.70,000,000 — [140]
[141]
The Girlie Show World Tour setlist
  1. "The Girlie Show Theme" (Fanfare Introduction)
  2. "Erotica"
  3. "Fever" (Edit One mix)
  4. "Vogue"
  5. "Rain" (contains excerpts from "Just My Imagination" and elements of "Singin' in the Rain")
  6. "Express Yourself"
  7. "Deeper and Deeper" (contains excerpts from "It Takes Two" and "Love to Love You Baby")
  8. "Why's It So Hard"
  9. "In This Life"
  10. "The Beast Within" (Dancers' Interlude)
  11. "Like a Virgin" (contains excerpts from "Falling In Love Again")
  12. "Bye Bye Baby"
  13. "I'm Going Bananas"
  14. "La Isla Bonita"
  15. "Holiday" (contains excerpts from "Holiday for Calliope")
  16. "Justify My Love"
  17. "Everybody Is a Star" / "Everybody" (contains elements of "Dance to the Music", and "After the Dance")
Drowned World Tour 02001-06-09June 9, 2001 – September 15, 2001 Ray of Light
Music 		Europe
North America 		47 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.75,000,000 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.732,606 [142]
[143]
Drowned World Tour setlist
  1. "Drowned World/Substitute for Love" (contains elements of "Music", "Human Nature" "Ray of Light" and "Impressive Instant")
  2. "Impressive Instant"
  3. "Candy Perfume Girl"
  4. "Beautiful Stranger" (contains elements of "Soul Bossa Nova (Dim's Space-A-Nova)")
  5. "Ray of Light" (ends with a reprise of "Drowned World/Substitute For Love")
  6. "Paradise (Not for Me)" (Video Interlude)
  7. "Frozen" (Stereo MC's Remix)
  8. "Open Your Heart Swell"
  9. "Nobody's Perfect"
  10. "Mer Girl" (Part I)/"Sky Fits Heaven"/"Mer Girl" (Part II)
  11. "What It Feels Like for a Girl" (Remix) (Video Interlude)
  12. "I Deserve It"
  13. "Don't Tell Me"
  14. "Human Nature"
  15. "The Funny Song"
  16. "Secret"
  17. "Gone"
  18. "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" (Instrumental Interlude)
  19. "Lo Que Siente La Mujer" (Spanish Version of "What It Feels Like for a Girl")
  20. "La Isla Bonita"
  21. "Holiday" (contains elements from "Fate" and "Music Sounds Better with You")
  22. "Music" (contains elements from "Trans-Europe Express")
Re-Invention World Tour 02004-05-24May 24, 2004 – September 14, 2004 American Life Europe
North America 		56 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.124,790,787 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.896,787 [144]
[145]
Re-Invention World Tour setlist
  1. "The Beast Within" (Intro) (contains elements of "El Yom 'Ulliqa 'Ala Khashaba")
  2. "Vogue"
  3. "Nobody Knows Me"
  4. "Frozen"
  5. "American Life" (contains elements of "American Life" (Headcleanr Rock Mix))
  6. "Express Yourself"
  7. "Burning Up"
  8. "Material Girl"
  9. "Hollywood" (Remix) (Interlude)
  10. "Hanky Panky"
  11. "Deeper and Deeper"
  12. "Die Another Day"
  13. "Lament"
  14. "Bedtime Story" (Orbital Mix) (Interlude)
  15. "Nothing Fails"
  16. "Don't Tell Me" (contains elements of "Bitter Sweet Symphony")
  17. "Like a Prayer"
  18. "Mother and Father" (contains excerpts from "Intervention")
  19. "Imagine"
  20. "Susan McLeod" (Interlude)
  21. "Into the Groove" (contains elements of "Susan McLeod" and "Into the Hollywood Groove")
  22. "Papa Don't Preach" (contains excerpts from "American Life")
  23. "Crazy for You"
  24. "Music" (contains elements from "Into the Groove")
  25. "Holiday" (contains elements of "She Wants to Move" and "Physical Attraction")
Confessions Tour 02006-05-21May 21, 2006 – September 21, 2006 Confessions on a Dance Floor Europe
North America
Asia 		60 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.194,754,447 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.1,209,593 [146]
[147]
Confessions Tour setlist
  1. "Future Lovers / I Feel Love"
  2. "Get Together"
  3. "Like a Virgin"
  4. "Jump"
  5. "Confessions" (Dancers Interlude) (contains elements from "Live to Tell")
  6. "Live to Tell"
  7. "Forbidden Love"
  8. "Isaac"
  9. "Sorry" (contains elements from "Sorry" (Pet Shop Boys Remix))
  10. "Like It or Not"
  11. "Sorry" (Remix) (Video Interlude)
  12. "I Love New York"
  13. "Ray of Light"
  14. "Let It Will Be" (Paper Faces Remix)
  15. "Drowned World/Substitute for Love"
  16. "Paradise (Not for Me)"
  17. "The Duke Mixes the Hits" (Video Interlude) (contains excerpts from "Borderline", "Erotica", "Dress You Up", "Holiday" and "Disco Inferno")
  18. "Music Inferno" (contains elements from "Disco Inferno", with excerpts from "Where's the Party")
  19. "Erotica" (contains excerpts from "You Thrill Me")
  20. "La Isla Bonita"
  21. "Lucky Star" (contains elements from "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" and excerpts from "Hung Up")
  22. "Hung Up" (contains elements from "Lucky Star")
Sticky & Sweet Tour 02008-08-23August 23, 2008 – September 2, 2009 Hard Candy Europe
North America
South America
Asia 		85 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.407,713,266 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.3,545,899 [148]
Sticky & Sweet Tour setlist[a]
  1. "The Sweet Machine" (Video Introduction) (contains elements from "Manipulated Living", "4 Minutes", "Human Nature" and "Give It 2 Me")
  2. "Candy Shop" (contains elements of "4 Minutes" and "Beat Goes On")
  3. "Beat Goes On" (contains elements of "And the Beat Goes On")
  4. "Human Nature" (contains excerpts from "Gimme More" and elements of "What You Need")
  5. "Vogue" (contains elements of "4 Minutes" and "Give It To Me")
  6. "Die Another Day" (Remix) (Video Interlude) (contains excerpts from "Planet Rock: The Album" and elements of "Do You Wanna Get Funky", "Planet Rock" and "Looking for the Perfect Beat")
  7. "Into the Groove" (contains elements of "Back in the Day", "Toop Toop", "Body Work", "Jump", "Apache", "It's like That" and "Double Dutch Bus")
  8. "Heartbeat"
  9. "Borderline"
  10. "She's Not Me"
  11. "Music" (contains elements of "Put Your Hands Up 4 Detroit", and excerpts from "Last Night a DJ Saved My Life" and "Heartbeat")
  12. "Rain" (Remix) (Video Interlude) (contains elements of "Here Comes the Rain Again" and "4 Minutes")
  13. "Devil Wouldn't Recognize You"
  14. "Spanish Lesson"
  15. "Miles Away"
  16. "La Isla Bonita" (contains excerpts from "Lela Pala Tute")
  17. "Doli Doli" (Kolpakov Trio Solo) (Dance Interlude) (contains elements of "Me Darava")
  18. "You Must Love Me"
  19. "Get Stupid" (Video Interlude) (contains excerpts from "Beat Goes On", "Give It 2 Me", "4 Minutes" and "Voices")
  20. "4 Minutes"
  21. "Like a Prayer" (contains elements of "Feels Like Home")
  22. "Ray of Light"
  23. "Hung Up" (contains elements of "A New Level" and "4 Minutes")
  24. "Give It 2 Me" (contains elements of "Fired Up!" (Club 69 Mix) and "Give It 2 Me" (Jody Den Broeder Remix))
The MDNA Tour 02012-05-31May 31, 2012 – December 22, 2012 MDNA Asia
Europe
North America
South America 		88 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.305,158,362 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.2,212,345 [150]
[151]
The MDNA Tour setlist
  1. "Virgin Mary" (Intro) (contains elements from Psalm 91 and "Birjina Gaztetto Bat Zegoen")
  2. "Girl Gone Wild" (contains elements from "Material Girl", "Give It 2 Me" and "Girl Gone Wild" (Offer Nissim Remix))
  3. "Revolver"
  4. "Gang Bang"
  5. "Papa Don't Preach"
  6. "Hung Up" (contains elements of "Girl Gone Wild" and "Sorry")
  7. "I Don't Give A"
  8. "Best Friend" (Video Interlude) (contains elements from "Heartbeat")
  9. "Express Yourself" (contains elements from "Born This Way" and "She's Not Me")
  10. "Give Me All Your Luvin'" (Just Blaze Remix)
  11. "Radio Dial Static Medley" (Video Interlude) (contains excerpts from "Holiday", "Into the Groove", "Lucky Star", "Like a Virgin", "4 Minutes", "Ray of Light", and "Music")
  12. "Turn Up the Radio" (contains elements from "Turn Up the Radio" (Leo Zero Remix))
  13. "Open Your Heart" (contains excerpts from "Sagarra Jo")
  14. "Masterpiece"
  15. "Justify My Love" (Video Interlude)
  16. "Vogue"
  17. "Erotic Candy Shop" (contains elements from "Candy Shop", "Ashamed of Myself", and "Erotica")
  18. "Human Nature"
  19. "Like a Virgin Waltz" (contains elements from "Like a Virgin" and "Evgeni's Waltz")
  20. "Love Spent" (contains elements of "Love Spent" (Acoustic version) and "Evgeni's Waltz")
  21. "Nobody Knows Me" (Video Interlude)
  22. "I'm Addicted"
  23. "I'm a Sinner" (contains elements from "Cyber-Raga")
  24. "Like a Prayer" (contains elements from "De Treville-n Azken Hitzak")
  25. "Celebration" (Benny Benassi Remix) (contains elements from "Girl Gone Wild" and "Give It 2 Me")
Rebel Heart Tour 02015-09-09September 9, 2015 – March 20, 2016 Rebel Heart North America
Europe
Asia
Oceania 		82 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.169,804,336 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.1,045,479 [152]
Rebel Heart Tour setlist[b]
  1. "Video Introduction" (contains elements of "Iconic")
  2. "Iconic"
  3. "Bitch I'm Madonna"
  4. "Burning Up"
  5. "Holy Water" (contains excerpts from "Vogue")
  6. "Devil Pray"
  7. "Messiah" (video interlude)
  8. "Body Shop"
  9. "True Blue"
  10. "Deeper and Deeper"
  11. "HeartBreakCity" (contains excerpts from "Love Don't Live Here Anymore")
  12. "Like a Virgin" (contains elements of "Heartbeat" and "Erotica")
  13. "S.E.X." (video interlude) (contains elements of "Justify My Love")
  14. "Living for Love"
  15. "La Isla Bonita"
  16. "Dress You Up" / "Into the Groove" / "Lucky Star" / "Dress You Up" (Reprise)
  17. "Who's That Girl"
  18. "Rebel Heart"
  19. "Illuminati" (video interlude)
  20. "Music" (contains elements of "Give It 2 Me")
  21. "Candy Shop"
  22. "Material Girl"
  23. "La Vie en rose"
  24. "Unapologetic Bitch"
  25. "Holiday" (contains elements of "Take Me to the Mardi Gras")
Madame X Tour 02019-09-17September 17, 2019 – March 8, 2020 Madame X North America
Europe 		75 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.52,332,046 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.180,770 [154]
[155]
Madame X Tour setlist
  1. "God Control"
  2. "Dark Ballet"
  3. "Human Nature"
  4. "Express Yourself" (a cappella snippet)
  5. "Madame X Manifesto" (video interlude)
  6. "Vogue"
  7. "I Don't Search I Find"
  8. "Papa Don't Preach"
  9. "American Life"
  10. "The Coffin" (video interlude)
  11. "Batuka"
  12. "Fado Pechincha" (performed with Gaspar Varela)
  13. "Killers Who Are Partying"
  14. "Crazy"
  15. "La Isla Bonita" (contains elements from "Welcome to My Fado Club")
  16. "Sodade"
  17. "Medellín"
  18. "Extreme Occident"
  19. "Rescue Me" (interlude)
  20. "Frozen"
  21. "Come Alive"
  22. "Future"
  23. "Crave" (Tracy Young Remix)
  24. "Like a Prayer"
  25. "I Rise"

Konser tunggal

Tanggal Nama acara Kota Lagu yang dinyanyikan
October 13, 1983 Madonna promotional show
(Camden Palace) 		London
February 14, 1998 Ray of Light promotional show
(Roxy NYC) 		New York City
November 5, 2000 Music promotional show
(Roseland Ballroom) 		New York City
November 29, 2000 Music promotional show
(Brixton Academy) 		London
  • "Impressive Instant"
  • "Runaway Lover"
  • "Don't Tell Me"
  • "What It Feels Like for a Girl"
  • "Holiday"
  • "Music"[159]
April 22, 2003 Madonna: On Stage and on the Record
(MTV Studios) 		New York City
April 23, 2003 American Life promotional show
(Tower Records) 		New York City
  • "American Life"
  • "X-Static Process"
  • "Mother and Father"
  • "Hollywood"
  • "Like a Virgin"
  • "American Life"[161]
April 30, 2003 Absolut Madonna
(RTL Studio) 		Cologne
  • "American Life"
  • "Hollywood"
  • "Music"[162]
May 9, 2003 American Life promotional show
(HMV Oxford Circus) 		London
  • "American Life"
  • "Hollywood"
  • "Nothing Fails"
  • "X-Static Process"
  • "Mother and Father"
  • "Like a Prayer"
  • "Don't Tell Me"[163]
November 15, 2005 Confessions on a Dance Floor promotional show
(KOKO) 		London
November 19, 2005 Confessions on a Dance Floor promotional show
(G-A-Y) 		London
  • "Hung Up"
  • "Get Together"
  • "I Love New York"
  • "Let It Will Be"
  • "Everybody"
  • "Jump"[165]
December 7, 2005 Confessions on a Dance Floor promotional show
(Studio Coast) 		Tokyo
  • "Hung Up"
  • "Get Together"
  • "I Love New York"
  • "Let It Will Be"
  • "Everybody"[166]
April 30, 2008 Hard Candy promotional show
(Roseland Ballroom) 		New York City
May 6, 2008 Hard Candy promotional show
(Olympia) 		Paris
  • "Candy Shop"
  • "Miles Away"
  • "4 Minutes"
  • "Hung Up"
  • "Give It 2 Me"
  • "Music"[168]
May 10, 2008 Hard Candy promotional show
(Mote Park) 		Maidstone
  • "Candy Shop"
  • "Miles Away"
  • "4 Minutes"
  • "Hung Up"
  • "Give It 2 Me"
  • "Music"[169]
February 2, 2012 Super Bowl XLVI halftime show
(Lucas Oil Stadium) 		Indianapolis
March 10, 2016 Madonna: Tears of a Clown
(Forum Theatre) 		Melbourne
November 7, 2016 Hillary Clinton campaign concert
(Washington Square Park) 		New York City
May 7, 2018 Met Gala
(Metropolitan Museum of Art) 		New York City
June 30, 2019 Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC
(Pier 97, Hudson River Park) 		New York City

Konser amal

Tanggal Nama acara Kota Lagu yang dimainkan
July 13, 1985 Live Aid Philadelphia
April 27, 1998 Rock for the Rainforest New York City
January 16, 2005 Tsunami Aid New York City "Imagine"[177]
July 2, 2005 Live 8 London
November 18, 2005 Children in Need 2005 London
July 7, 2007 Live Earth London
January 22, 2010 Hope for Haiti Now New York "Like a Prayer"[181]
December 2, 2016 Madonna: Tears of a Clown
(Raising Malawi Gala) 		Miami
July 26, 2017 Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation Gala Saint-Tropez

Musik Festival

Tanggal Nama acara Kota Lagu yang dimainkan
April 30, 2006 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival Indio
May 10, 2008 BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend Maidstone
April 12, 2015 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival Indio
May 18, 2019 Eurovision Song Contest Tel Aviv

Acara penghargaan

Tanggal Nama acara Kota Lagu yang dimainkan
September 14, 1984 MTV Video Music Awards New York City "Like a Virgin"[187]
September 6, 1989 MTV Video Music Awards Los Angeles "Express Yourself"[188]
September 6, 1990 MTV Video Music Awards Los Angeles "Vogue"[189]
March 25, 1991 Academy Awards Los Angeles "Sooner or Later"[190]
September 2, 1993 MTV Video Music Awards Los Angeles "Bye Bye Baby"[188]
January 30, 1995 American Music Awards Los Angeles "Take a Bow" (with Babyface)[191]
February 20, 1995 Brit Awards London "Bedtime Story"[192]
February 22, 1995 Sanremo Music Festival Sanremo "Take a Bow" (with Babyface)[193]
March 27, 1997 Academy Awards Los Angeles "You Must Love Me"[194]
February 24, 1998 Sanremo Music Festival Sanremo "Frozen"[195]
September 10, 1998 MTV Video Music Awards Los Angeles
October 23, 1998 VH1 Fashion Awards New York City "The Power of Good-Bye"[197][198]
November 12, 1998 MTV Europe Music Awards Milan "The Power of Good-Bye"[196]
February 24, 1999 Grammy Awards Los Angeles "Nothing Really Matters"[199]
November 16, 2000 MTV Europe Music Awards Stockholm "Music"[200]
February 21, 2001 Grammy Awards Los Angeles "Music"[201]
August 28, 2003 MTV Video Music Awards New York City "Like a Virgin"/"Hollywood"/"Work It" (with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott)[202]
November 4, 2005 MTV Europe Music Awards Lisbon "Hung Up"[203]
February 8, 2006 Grammy Awards Los Angeles "Hung Up" (with Gorillaz)[204]
January 26, 2014 Grammy Awards Los Angeles "Open Your Heart"/"Same Love" (with Macklemore & Ryan Lewis and Mary Lambert)[205]
February 8, 2015 Grammy Awards Los Angeles "Living for Love"[206]
February 25, 2015 Brit Awards London "Living for Love"[207]
March 29, 2015 iHeart Radio Music Awards Los Angeles "Ghosttown" (Acoustic with Taylor Swift on the guitar)[208]
May 23, 2016 Billboard Music Awards Las Vegas
May 1, 2019 Billboard Music Awards Las Vegas "Medellín" (with Maluma)[210]


Book sources


Videografi

Musik video

1980

Judul Tahun Sutradara Keterangan Ref
"Everybody" 1982 Ed Steinberg An in-house video featuring Madonna singing with a group of dancers against a neon-lit background [211]
[212]
"Burning Up" 1983 Steve Barron The video portrays Madonna, in a white dress, writhing on a road, singing the song about her lover, who drives a car around. [211]
[213]
"Lucky Star" 1984 Arthur Pierson The video portrays Madonna in her boy-toy image, dancing in front of a white background, flanked by two dancers, one of whom is her brother, Christopher Ciccone. There are 2 versions of the video, a 4-minute and a 5-minute version. [211]
[214]
"Borderline" 1984 Mary Lambert The video portrays Madonna as a young woman who is dancing in the streets when she catches the eye of a professional photographer. She leaves her boyfriend and goes with the photographer. After accidentally spray painting the photographer's car during a photo shoot, he yells at her and she returns to her boyfriend. [211]
[215]
"Like a Virgin" 1984 Mary Lambert In the video, Madonna roams around the streets of Venice and through marble-pillared rooms wearing a white wedding dress; this clip is interspersed by images of a lion and a man wearing a lion mask. There is an alternate edit of the video with slight changes. [211]
[216]
"Material Girl" 1985 Mary Lambert Pictured as a video-within-a-video, Madonna sings the song dressed up in a pink sleeveless gown, flanked by boys in black coats. The video imitated Marilyn Monroe's version of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. [211]
[217]
"Crazy for You" 1985 Harold Becker The music video consists of scenes from the film Vision Quest. [211]
[218]
"Gambler" 1985 Harold Becker The music video consists of scenes from the film Vision Quest. [211]
[218]
"Into the Groove" 1985 Susan Seidelman The music video consists of scenes from the film Desperately Seeking Susan. There is an "Extended Version" of the video. [211]
"Dress You Up" 1985 Danny Kleinman Live performance of the song from the VHS release Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour. [211]
[218]
"Live to Tell" 1986 James Foley The video portrays Madonna with a new pale and subtle look, her shoulder-length hair is wavy and golden blond.[219] Footage from the film At Close Range is interspersed, with Madonna appearing to speak for the character. [220]
[221]
"Papa Don't Preach" 1986 James Foley In this video, Madonna adopts the gamine look portrayed by Shirley MacLaine and Audrey Hepburn during the 1950s.[222] She portrays a tomboy who wants to tell her father about her pregnancy. Interspersed with scenes of a sexier Madonna with a toned body, wearing a black bustier. [220]
[223]
"True Blue" 1986 James Foley The American version from MTV's "Make My Video Contest" was directed by Ángel Gracia and Cliff Guest, where Madonna does not appear. The international release directed by Foley portrays Madonna and her friends in an all-blue colored diner. [220]
[224]
"Open Your Heart" 1986 Jean-Baptiste Mondino The video pays homage to actresses Liza Minnelli and Marlene Dietrich. Madonna plays an exotic dancer in a peep-show club who befriends a little boy and escapes from there. There is an edit of the video with an alternate ending. [225]
[226]
"La Isla Bonita" 1987 Mary Lambert Madonna plays a woman living in a Spanish barrio. She portrays two characters: a boyishly-dressed Catholic woman and a colorful Flamenco dancer. The video portrays Madonna's fascination with Hispanic culture and the inclusion of religious symbolism. [227]
"Who's That Girl" 1987 Peter Rosenthal The video portrays Madonna dressed in Spanish style as a young lady in search of a treasure. It includes scenes from the film Who's That Girl. [228]
"Like a Prayer" 1989 Mary Lambert The video portrays Madonna to be a witness of an interracial murder and goes to pray in a church. Various scenes like Madonna kissing a black saint, receiving stigmata, scantily dressed and dancing in front of burning crosses are shown. In the end, she helps to free the man who is falsely accused of murder. [229]
[230]
"Express Yourself" 1989 David Fincher Inspired by the film Metropolis, the video portrays Madonna as the leader of a company, and later as a glamorous lady and chained masochist. Muscular men act as her workers. In the end, Madonna picks one of them to be her date. The music video for "Express Yourself" was the most expensive video at the time of its release with production cost of $5 million. There are 2 versions of the video, the original uses the Shep Pettibone House Remix, while a later version released on DVD uses another Shep Pettibone remix similar to the album version. [231]
[232]
"Cherish" 1989 Herb Ritts A black-and-white video showing Madonna playing on the beach with mermen and merchild. In the end she falls in love with one of the mermen. [233]
"Oh Father" 1989 David Fincher A black-and-white video portraying the death scene of a young mother and the tempestuous relationship that ensues between the husband and the daughter. Years later Madonna, as the grown-up daughter, reconciles with the father at the woman's grave. There are censored and uncensored versions. [234]
"Dear Jessie" 1989 Derek Hayes An animated video featuring Madonna as an animated fairy. The video was released only outside the United States. [235]

1990

Judul Tahun Sutradara Keterangan Ref
"Vogue" 1990 David Fincher A black-and-white video recreating the glamorous look of old Hollywood with men in suits and Madonna dressed in gowns. It also displays the dance form called vogue. [236]
[237]
"Justify My Love" 1990 Jean-Baptiste Mondino A black-and-white video portraying Madonna coming to a hotel room to satisfy her sexual fantasy. Scenes of sadomasochism, voyeurism and bisexuality are also portrayed. Censored and uncensored versions of the video exist. [238]
"This Used to Be My Playground" 1992 Alek Keshishian The video is a walk-through of Madonna singing about the old days, as the viewer flips through a photo album featuring moving images of a singing Madonna as well as images from the film A League of Their Own. [239]
"Erotica" 1992 Fabien Baron Madonna is portrayed as a masked dominatrix with a golden tooth and a whip. Montages of sexual imagery are shown that are shot during the photography of Madonna's Sex book. It is a montage of sexually charged images, designed to shock the audience. Censored and uncensored versions of the video exist. [240]
"Deeper and Deeper" 1992 Bobby Woods Madonna portrays Warhol protégé Edie Sedgwick. She goes to a disco and looks for something which ends with a man releasing the balloons she is carrying. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna being photographed and she and her friends watching a man dancing in underwear. Censored and uncensored versions of the video exist. [241]
"Bad Girl" 1993 David Fincher The video opens and closes with shots of a murdered Madonna, who, having lived a life of promiscuous sex, presumably joins her dead lover and guardian angel, portrayed by actor Christopher Walken. Censored and uncensored versions of the video exist. [242]
"Fever" 1993 Stéphane Sednaoui The video portrays Madonna as a Balinese idol with red hair and another shot of her being silver painted. Interspersed with scenes of a man in thongs, his body painted gold. The audio used in the video is the "Edit One" remix instead of the original album version. [243]
"Rain" 1993 Mark Romanek The video portrays Madonna with short cropped, black hair, recording the song in a studio. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna kissing a man behind a glass on which water falls. [244]
[245]
"I'll Remember" 1994 Alek Keshishian Madonna singing the song in a recording studio, while being directed by an androgynous version of herself. The video is interspersed with clips from the film With Honors. [246]
"Secret" 1994 Melodie McDaniel A black-and-white video featuring Madonna as a blues singer singing in a club. Scenes of rebirth, transvestites and damnation are interspersed with Madonna walking down a street to her home. [247]
"Take a Bow" 1994 Michael Haussman Madonna portrays the mistress of a Spanish bullfighter. Their affair ends after Madonna is being abused by the fighter. Religious imagery forms the backbone of the video. [248]
"Bedtime Story" 1995 Mark Romanek A surreal dream sequence arising from some sort of controlled experiment on a prostrate Madonna, lying in a blue spaceship-like room. The production cost of the video was $5 million, making it one of the costliest videos. [249]
[250]
[251]
"Human Nature" 1995 Jean-Baptiste Mondino Madonna and her dancers in front of a white background, wearing black, PVC catsuits, perform a number of S&M-inspired dance moves. [249]
"I Want You" (with Massive Attack) 1995 Earle Sebastian Madonna in an apartment and on a bed, longing for whomever, but not daring to phone him. A very slow black-and-white video. [249]
"You'll See" 1995 Michael Haussman A sequel to the "Take a Bow" music video. Madonna leaves the bullfighter but he still chases her around the world. Ultimately she sets herself free from him. [248]
"Love Don't Live Here Anymore" 1996 Jean-Baptiste Mondino The "single-shot" sepia-colored video shows Madonna in the middle of an empty suite of an abandoned hotel. [252]
"You Must Love Me" 1996 Alan Parker Madonna was pregnant with her daughter Lourdes at the time of shooting the video. Her stomach was hidden behind a piano in the video. Interspersed with clips from the film Evita. [218]
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina" 1996 Alan Parker The music video is an excerpt from the film Evita. [218]
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall" 1996 Alan Parker The music video is an excerpt from the film Evita. [218]
"Frozen" 1998 Chris Cunningham An all-blue video shot in the middle of Mojave Desert. Dressed in black clothing from head to foot, her long hair colored black and straight and mehndi on her hands, Madonna portrays a mystical creature and a witchy persona who sometimes turns into a dog, sometimes into a bird and sometimes levitates from the ground. [253]
"Ray of Light" 1998 Jonas Åkerlund A high-speed video, showing ordinary people doing their daily routines. In between Madonna, dressed in casual jeans and flowing golden hair, dances to the song, ultimately falling asleep on a dance floor. [248]
[254]
"Drowned World/Substitute for Love" 1998 Walter Stern Portrays Madonna running away from the paparazzi in a car. After reaching home, she takes her daughter in her arms. [242]
"The Power of Good-Bye" 1998 Matthew Rolston Madonna and her lover play chess, and Madonna wins. After her lover reprimands her, Madonna goes out to the beach and starts walking along the shore, where she possibly commits suicide. There is an alternate version of the video. [255]
"Nothing Really Matters" 1999 Johan Renck Japanese-themed video, featuring Madonna as a geisha wearing a red kimono and white clad Swedes of Asian heritage performing butoh dance moves. [256]
"Beautiful Stranger" 1999 Brett Ratner Shot for the film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, the video features Madonna dancing in a club and actor Mike Myers as Austin Powers trying to seduce her; his plan ultimately backfiring. [257]

2000s

Title Year Director(s) Description Ref.
"American Pie" 2000 Philipp Stölzl Madonna sings the song in front of a giant flag of the United States. Interspersed with scenes which are characteristic of the American life. Actor Rupert Everett makes an appearance. There is a version of the video with scenes from The Next Best Thing and a version without film footage. [258]
"Music" 2000 Jonas Åkerlund Madonna and her friends board a limousine which takes them to a strip-club and disco. The strippers are brought over in the limousine by Madonna and her friends. An animated section is present where Madonna fights with some goons. A short and long version of the video was released. [259]
"Don't Tell Me" 2000 Jean-Baptiste Mondino The video shows Madonna walking on a conveyor belt in front of a video screen where cowboys are shown dancing. They join Madonna in front of the screen near the end of the video. [260]
"What It Feels Like for a Girl" 2001 Guy Ritchie Madonna picks up an old woman from an old-age home and speeds down the streets with her in a car. While driving she commits a number of crimes, including theft, destruction of property and murder. The audio used in the video is the Above & Beyond remix instead of the original album version. [261]
"Die Another Day" 2002 Traktor Features a heavily beat-up Madonna being brought to be executed in a gas chamber. Interspersed with scenes of a white-dressed and black-dressed Madonna sword fighting. In the end Madonna escapes from the execution. The former's video was the second most expensive video, production cost being around $6 million. [262]
[263]
"American Life" 2003 Jonas Åkerlund Original video showed Madonna among military-garbed models at a fashion show. Interspersed with shots of the catwalk was footage of explosions and planes dropping bombs. The regular version of the video ends with Madonna throwing what appears to be a grenade into the lap of a George W. Bush lookalike, but in the "Director's Cut" the grenade is just thrown onto the catwalk. However, due to its controversy, Madonna cancelled the premiere and made the edited version of the video that features her singing in front of the world's flags. [264]
[265]
"Hollywood" 2003 Jean-Baptiste Mondino Madonna portrays some of Hollywood's former actresses and the upheaval of a glamorous life. [266]
"Me Against the Music"
(Britney Spears featuring Madonna) 		2003 Paul Hunter Britney Spears and Madonna are shown in a club, playing opposite characters with Britney in the dark and Madonna in the white. A cat-and-mouse like chase ensues; Spears catches up to Madonna in the end. Two remix versions of the video were used for promotional purposes only. [267]
"Love Profusion" 2004 Luc Besson Madonna walks on the sky and on the water with fairies, fishes, flowers and clouds surrounding her. [268]
"Hung Up" 2005 Johan Renck The video portrays Madonna clad in a pink leotard dancing alone in a ballet studio and concludes at a gaming parlour where she dances with her backup troupe. Interspersed are scenes of people displaying their dancing skills in a variety of settings. [269]
"Sorry" 2006 Jamie King A continuation from the "Hung Up" music video. Madonna and her troupe go around the town in a white van and dance in a skating arena. There is a "Director's Cut" version of the video. [270]
"Get Together" 2006 Logan The video shows Madonna singing the song among graphical visuals portraying volcanoes erupting and a cityscape. [271]
"Jump" 2006 Jonas Åkerlund & Brett Capseed The video features Madonna in a blond bob wig and singing the song in front of several neon signs. The video also features dancers performing the physical discipline parkour. [272]
"Hey You" 2007 Johan Söderberg & Marcus Lindkvist Devastating images of people being displaced by climate change to inspire action. First shown on the backdrop screen of Madonna's Live Earth performance, then released on her YouTube channel. [273]
"4 Minutes"
(featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland) 		2008 Jonas & François Madonna and Timberlake sing and run away from a giant black screen that devours everything in its path. At the end of the video, Madonna and Timberlake are consumed by the screen. [274]
"Give It 2 Me" 2008 Tom Munro
Nathan Rissman 		Madonna in retro-makeup look dancing in a photography studio in various garments. Cameo appearance by Pharrell Williams. [275]
"Miles Away" 2009 Nathan Rissman Live performance from Sticky & Sweet Tour in Buenos Aires, mostly footage of the fans and stadium before and during the show. Originally unreleased, but finally included on the DVD release Celebration: The Video Collection. [276]
"Celebration" 2009 Jonas Åkerlund A simple dance video featuring Madonna and her dancers doing the popping and locking style of dancing against black-and-white backgrounds. The audio used in the video is the Benny Benassi remix instead of the original album version. The alternate "Fan Version" of the video has a cameo by Madonna's daughter, Lourdes Leon. [277]

2010

Judul Tahun Sutradara Keterangan Ref
"Give Me All Your Luvin'"
(featuring Nicki Minaj and M.I.A.) 		2012 Megaforce The video shows Nicki Minaj and M.I.A. (who are featured in the song), in cheerleader outfits cheering on Madonna, who wears a black outfit for most of the video. It then leads into a scene where Madonna, Minaj, and M.I.A. are all dressed as Marilyn Monroe. [278]
[279]
"Girl Gone Wild" 2012 Mert and Marcus The black-and-white video opens with Madonna with a retro-glam look, followed by scenes of her against a stark white background, erotic scenes with shirtless / nude male models (Sean O'Pry, Simon Nessman, Jon Kortajarena), and a dance sequence with heeled male dancers (Kazaky). Censored and uncensored versions of the video exist. [280]
[281]
"Turn Up the Radio" 2012 Tom Munro After a successful escape from the paparazzi, Madonna rides through Florence, Italy, picking up the best looking men on the roadside. Censored and uncensored versions of the video exist. [282]
"Living for Love" 2015 J.A.C.K. Madonna dressed as a bullfighter performs a battle inspired choreography where she confronts and tames a number of male minotaurs. [283]
"Ghosttown" 2015 Jonas Åkerlund Set in a post-nuclear destroyed city, the video shows Madonna as a survivor searching through the destruction, when she meets another man, played by actor Terrence Howard. [284]
"Bitch I'm Madonna"
(featuring Nicki Minaj) 		2015 Jonas Åkerlund The "one-shot" colorful video shows Madonna in a party, dancing and interacting with the partygoers. Many celebrities appear in the video, some in the real footage (Rita Ora, Diplo, Chris Rock, Alexander Wang and Madonna's sons Rocco and David), while others (Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, Beyoncé and Kanye West) were added separately. Nicki Minaj appears on a screen at the party while she is rapping. [285]
"God Is a Woman"
(performed by Ariana Grande) 		2018 Dave Meyers In between several religious imagery, Madonna appears voice-only and delivers a modified Ezekiel 25:17 quote from the 1994 film Pulp Fiction, with Ariana Grande miming the words and throwing a hammer to break the ceiling of a grand hall. [286]
"Medellín"
(with Maluma) 		2019 Diana Kunst and Mau Morgó Madonna, as her persona Madame X, is a Cha-cha dance instructor who teaches Maluma in a class and is then shown dancing on a table at a Latin-style celebration. The video also features horseback riding, a chase sequence, and Madonna with Maluma in bed drinking Champagne. [287]
"Crave"
(with Swae Lee) 		2019 Nuno Xico After releasing pigeons from the roof of a New York City housing block, Madonna comes to meet Swae Lee. The two reach out to each other's hands which are surged with electricity. [288]
"Dark Ballet" 2019 Emmanuel Adjei Mykki Blanco, as Joan of Arc, is imprisoned and burned alive by religious authorities. One scene sees him dancing the "dark ballet" while wearing a cone bra. [289]
"I Rise" 2019 Peter Matkiwsky A compilation of news footage of gun control protests, LGBTQ equality protests, sexual abuse, and natural disasters. [290]
"God Control" 2019 Jonas Åkerlund On the same day of a fictional school shooting in Arizona, at night Madonna goes to a disco party with her friends at Studio 54. They are having fun dancing until they become dead victims from a mass shooting in which the gunman shoots himself after he commits his crime. The plot is narrated in reverse order. News footage of gun control protests and gun shows are shown interwined at the end of the video, and a message of demanding immediate gun control is conveyed. [291]
"Batuka" 2019 Emmanuel Adjei Madonna and The Batukadeiras Orchestra sing and dance together next to the sea. The video references the slave ships which are believed to have brought the first slaves to Cape Verde in the 16th century. The distant ghost slave ships disappear as the women pray them away with the storm. [292]

Album Video

Untuk the live album chart positions and certifications, lihat Madonna albums discography § Live albums.

Video Konser

Judul tanggal rilis Posisi tertinggi tangga lagu Certifications
US
[293] 		AUS
[294] 		BRA
[295] 		FRA
[296] 		GER
[297] 		NLD
[298] 		SPA
[299] 		SWE
[300] 		SWI
[301] 		UK
[302]
Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour
  • Released: November 1985
  • Studio: Boy Toy, Inc.
  • Label: Warner Music Video
  • Format: VHS · Laserdisc
 1 — — — — — — — — —
Who's That Girl: Live in Japan[304] — — — — — — — — — —
Ciao Italia: Live from Italy
  • Released: June 1988
  • Studio: Boy Toy, Inc.
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video
  • Format: VHS · Laserdisc · DVD · VCD
 1 — — — — — — — — —
Blond Ambition: Japan Tour 90[305]
  • Released: July 1990
  • Studio: Music Guide, Inc.
  • Label: Warner-Pioneer Japan
  • Format: VHS · Laserdisc
 — — — — — — — — — —
Blond Ambition World Tour Live[306]
  • Released: December 1990
  • Studio: Boy Toy, Inc.
  • Label: Pioneer Artists
  • Format: Laserdisc
 — — — — — — — — — —
The Girlie Show: Live Down Under
  • Released: April 1994
  • Studio: Music Tours, Inc.
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS · DVD · Laserdisc · VCD
 3 — — — — — — — — 1
Drowned World Tour 2001
  • Released: November 2001
  • Studio: Cream Cheese Films, Tadpole Films
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS · DVD · VCD
 1 — — — — 1 — 3 6 5
The Confessions Tour
  • Released: January 2007
  • Studio: Semtex Films
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Format: CD+DVD · DVD · Digital download
 1 1 — — — 1 1 1 1 —
Sticky & Sweet Tour
  • Released: March 2010
  • Studio: Semtex Films
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Format: CD+DVD · Blu-ray · Blu-ray+CD · Digital download
 1 3 — — — — — — — —
MDNA World Tour
  • Released: September 2013
  • Studio: Semtex Films
  • Label: Live Nation · Interscope
  • Format: DVD · DVD+2CD · Blu-ray · Digital download
 1 1 1 1 — 1 1 1 1 1
Rebel Heart Tour
  • Released: September 2017
  • Studio: Semtex Films
  • Label: Eagle Vision
  • Format: DVD · Blu-ray · DVD+CD · Blu-ray+CD · Digital download
 2 1 — 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

Video Documenter

Judul Tanggal rilis Posisi tertinggi tangga lagu Certifications
US
[293] 		AUS
[294] 		BRA
[295] 		FRA
[296] 		GER
[297] 		NLD
[314] 		SPA
[299] 		SWE
[300] 		SWI
[301] 		UK
[315]
Madonna: Truth or Dare (aka In Bed with Madonna) — — — — — — — — — 6
I'm Going to Tell You a Secret
  • Released: June 2006
  • Studio: Maverick Films · River Road · Lucky Lou
  • Label: Warner Bros. · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: CD+DVD · DVD+CD · Digital download
 1 1 — — — 2 1 1 — 1

Kompilasi Musik video

Judul Tanggal rilis Posisi tertinggi tangga lagu Certifications
US
[293] 		AUS
[317] 		BRA
[295] 		FRA
[296] 		GER
[297] 		NLD
[318] 		SPA
[299] 		SWE
[300] 		SWI
[319] 		UK
[320]
Madonna
  • Released: November 1984
  • Label: Warner Music Video
  • Format: VHS · Laserdisc
 1 — — — — — — — — —
The Immaculate Collection
  • Released: November 1990
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS · Laserdisc · DVD · VCD
 1 — — — — — — — — 9
The Video Collection 93:99
  • Released: November 1999
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS · DVD · VCD
 3 — — — — — — — — 1
Celebration: The Video Collection
  • Released: September 2009
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Format: DVD · Digital download
 1 1 — — — 1 1 1 1 23

Musik video box

Tanggal Tanggal rilis Posisi tertinggi tangga lagu Certifications
SWI
[322] 		UK
[323]
The Ultimate Collection
  • Contains: The Immaculate Collection and The Video Collection 93:99
  • Released: September 2000
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS · DVD
 4 4
The Madonna Collection[324]
  • Released in Japan as Madonna: Millennium Giants 3-Video Box Set[325]
  • Contains: Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour, The Immaculate Collection and The Girlie Show: Live Down Under
  • Released: September 2000
  • Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS
 — —

Video untuk promosi

Judul tanggal rilis
It's That Girl[326]
  • Released: September 1987
  • Label: Sire · WEA Records UK
  • Format: VHS · Cassette
She's Breathless[327]
  • Released: July 1990
  • Label: Sire · WEA Records UK
  • Format: VHS · Cassette
Erotica Video Compilation[328]
  • Released: 1993
  • Label: Maverick · WEA Records UK
  • Format: VHS
Rays of Light[329]
GHV2[330]
  • Released: November 2001
  • Label: Maverick · Warner Music UK
  • Format: VHS

Singel Video

Judul Tanggal rilis Posisi tertinggi tangga lagu Certifications
US
[331] 		UK
[332]
"Justify My Love"
  • Released: December 1990
  • Label: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS
 2 —
"Ray of Light"
  • Released: June 1998
  • Label: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS
 4 —
"Music"
  • Released: September 2000
  • Label: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: DVD
 3 1
"What It Feels Like for a Girl"
  • Released: April 2001
  • Label: Warner Music Vision
  • Format: VHS · DVD
 2 1
"Music"/"Nobody Knows Me" (Live)[333]
  • Released: June 2006
  • Label: Warner Bros.
  • Format: Digital download
 — —

Filmografi

Film

Key
  Muncul sebagai cameo
Madonna muncul dalam film
Judul Tahun Pengakuan Peran Sutradara US box office Ref.
A Certain Sacrifice 1985 Artis Bruna Stephen Jon Lewicki — [334]
Vision Quest 1985 Artis Club singer   Becker, HaroldHarold Becker 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.12,993,175 [218]
[335]
Desperately Seeking Susan 1985 Artis Susan Thomas Seidelman, SusanSusan Seidelman 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.27,398,584 [336]
[337]
Shanghai Surprise 1986 Artis Gloria Tatlock Goddard, JimJim Goddard 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.2,315,683 [338]
[339]
Who's That Girl 1987 Artis Nikki Finn Foley, JamesJames Foley 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.7,305,209 [340]
[341]
Bloodhounds of Broadway 1989 Artis Hortense Hathaway Brookner, HowardHoward Brookner 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.43,671 [342]
[343]
Dick Tracy 1990 Artis Breathless Mahoney Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.103,738,726 [344]
[345]
Madonna: Truth or Dare (aka In Bed with Madonna) 1991
  • Appearance
  • executive producer
 Dirinya sendiri Keshishian, AlekAlek Keshishian 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.15,012,935 [346]
[347]
Shadows and Fog 1991 Artis Marie Allen, WoodyWoody Allen 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.2,735,731 [348]
[349]
A League of Their Own 1992 Artis Mae Mordabito Marshall, PennyPenny Marshall 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.107,533,928 [350]
[351]
Body of Evidence 1993 Artis Rebecca Carlson Edel, UliUli Edel 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.13,273,595 [352]
[353]
Dangerous Game (aka Snake Eyes) 1993 Artis Sarah Jennings Ferrara, AbelAbel Ferrara 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.23,671 [354]
[355]
Blue in the Face 1995 Artis Singing telegram girl  
0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.1,268,636 [356]
[357]
Four Rooms ("The Missing Ingredient" segment) 1995 Artis Elspeth Anders, AllisonAllison Anders 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.4,257,354 [358]
[359]
Girl 6 1996 Artis Boss No. 3   Lee, SpikeSpike Lee 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.4,939,939 [360]
[361]
Evita 1996 Artis Perón, EvaEva Perón Parker, AlanAlan Parker 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.50,047,179 [362]
[363]
The Next Best Thing 2000 Artis Abbie Reynolds Schlesinger, JohnJohn Schlesinger 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.14,990,582 [364]
[365]
Swept Away 2002 Artis Amber Leighton Ritchie, GuyGuy Ritchie 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.598,645 [366]
[367]
Die Another Day 2002 Artis Verity   Tamahori, LeeLee Tamahori 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.160,942,139 [368]
[369]
Agent Cody Banks 2003 Executive producer — Zwart, HaraldHarald Zwart 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.47,938,330 [370]
[371]
Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London 2004 Executive producer — Kevin Allen 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.23,630,159 [372]
[373]
I'm Going to Tell You a Secret 2005
  • Appearance
  • executive producer
 Dirinya sendiri Jonas Åkerlund — [374]
Arthur and the Invisibles 2006 Artis (voice) Princess Selenia Besson, LucLuc Besson 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.15,132,763 [375]
[376]
Filth and Wisdom 2008
  • Director
  • executive producer
  • screenwriter
 — Madonna 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.22,406 [377]
[378]
I Am Because We Are 2008
  • Appearance
  • narrator
  • producer
  • screenwriter
 Dirinya sendiri Nathan Rissman — [379]
W.E. 2011
  • Director
  • producer
  • screenwriter
 — Madonna 0Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal..Kesalahan ekspresi: Karakter tanda baca "," tidak dikenal.583,455 [380]
[381]

Film pendek

Madonna dalam film pendek
Judul Tahun Pengakuan Peran Sutradara Media Ref
The Making of Sex 1992
  • Appearance
  • executive producer
 Dirinya sendiri Baron, FabienFabien Baron VHS [382]
The Hire: Star 2001 Artis Superstar Guy Ritchie Internet [383]
Confessions on a Promo Tour 2005 Muncul dalam karya Dirinya sendiri David Cadan AOL [384]
Confessions Tour: Behind the Scenes 2006 Muncul dalam karya Dirinya sendiri Nathan Rissman DVD [385]
Sticky & Sweet Tour: Behind the Scenes 2010 Muncul dalam karya Dirinya sendiri Nathan Rissman DVD [386]
Inside the DNA of MDNA 2012 Muncul dalam karya Dirinya sendiri Stéphane Sennour YouTube [387]
secretprojectrevolution 2013
  • Actress
  • director
  • producer
  • screenwriter
 Tidak diketahui
BitTorrent [388]
Qandeel Baloch: A Very Short Story 2016 Narrator — Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy YouTube [389]
Her-Story 2017 Artis Tidak diketahui Luigi & Iango Internet [390]
World of Madame X 2019 Muncul dalam karya Dirinya sendiri Nuno Xico Amazon Prime [391]

Teater

Panggung
Judul Tahun Peran Penulis drama Panggung Ref
Goose and Tom-Tom 1986 Lorraine Rabe, DavidDavid Rabe Lincoln Center Theater [392]
Speed-the-Plow 1988 Karen Mamet, DavidDavid Mamet Royale Theatre [393]
Up for Grabs 2002 Loren Williamson, DavidDavid Williamson Wyndham's Theatre [394]

Televisi

Madonna muncul dalam televisi
Judul Tahun Episode Pengakuan Peran Pencdipta Ref
Saturday Night Live 1985 "Madonna/Simple Minds" (Season 11, Episode 1) Artis
  • Host (Herself)
  • various sketches
 Michaels, LorneLorne Michaels [395]
Saturday Night Live 1986 "Sigourney Weaver/Buster Poindexter" (Season 12, Episode 1) Artis Dirinya sendiri (opening intro) Lorne Michaels [396]
Saturday Night Live 1991 "Delta Burke/Chris Isaak" (Season 16, Episode 19) Artis Dirinya sendiri ("Wayne's World" sketch) Lorne Michaels [397]
Saturday Night Live 1992 "Roseanne & Tom Arnold/Red Hot Chili Peppers" (Season 17, Episode 14) Artis Liz Rosenberg ("Coffee Talk" sketch) Lorne Michaels [398]
Saturday Night Live 1993 "Harvey Keitel/Madonna" (Season 18, Episode 11) Artis
Lorne Michaels [399]
Will & Grace 2003 "Dolls and Dolls" Artis Liz
[400]
30 Days Until I'm Famous 2004 Television film Executive producer — Gabriela Tagliavini [401]
Alyx 2008 Television film Executive producer —
[402]
Saturday Night Live 2009 "Ryan Reynolds/Lady Gaga" (Season 35, Episode 2) Artis Dirinya sendiri ("Deep House Dish" sketch) Lorne Michaels [403]
Saturday Night Live 2013 "Jimmy Fallon/Justin Timberlake" (Season 39, Episode 10) Artis Dirinya sendiri ("The Barry Gibb Talk Show" sketch) Lorne Michaels [404]

Iklan

Madonna dalam iklan
Perusahaan Tahun Produk Judul Sutradara Lagu Daerah Ref
Mitsubishi 1986–87 Hi-Fi systems/VHS recorders — Tidak diketahui
Japan [405]
Pepsi-Cola 1989 Soft drink beverage "Make a Wish" Pytka, JoeJoe Pytka "Like a Prayer" International [406]
Rock the Vote 1990 United States elections, 1990 — Paula Greif "Vogue" United States [407]
Takara Shuzo 1995 Shochu rice beverage — Tidak diketahui "Broken" (unreleased Madonna song) Japan [408]
Max Factor 1999 Cosmetics "Max Factor Gold" Meisel, StevenSteven Meisel "Ray of Light" International [409]
BMW 2001 Automobiles "Star" Guy Ritchie "Song 2" by Blur International [383]
Gap 2003 Clothing "A New Groove, A New Jean" Hunter, PaulPaul Hunter "Into the Hollywood Groove" International [410]
Estée Lauder 2003 Fragrance "Beyond Paradise" Besson, LucLuc Besson "Love Profusion" International [411]
Radio ZET 2004 Radio station — Konecki, TomaszTomasz Konecki "Music" Poland [412]
Motorola 2005 Motorola ROKR E1 with iTunes phone "Phone Booth" Dylan, JesseJesse Dylan "Hung Up" International [413]
H&M 2007 Clothing range "M by Madonna"
  • Madonna
  • Dan Cadan
 "Purdy" by William Orbit International [414]
Brillia Mare Ariake 2007 Apartment complex — Steven Klein — Japan [415]
Sunsilk 2008 Hair care products "Life Can't Wait" Adnan Malik
International [416]
Dolce & Gabbana 2010 MDG Sunglasses — Steven Klein "Revolver" Internet [417]
Truth or Dare by Madonna 2012 Fragrance — Mert and Marcus "Girl Gone Wild" (Offer Nissim Remix) International [418]
MDNA Skin 2014 Skin Care Products "Madonna Introduces MDNA Skin" Nuno Xico — United States [419]


Book sources

Penghargaan dan nominasi

Karya-karya lain

Lihat pula

Catatan kaki

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  4. ^ "Madonna Biography: Part 1". People. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-29. 
  5. ^ Tilden, Imogen (2001-07-04). "Madonna". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-29. 
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  8. ^ "Madonna: Queen of Pop". Biography. 5 menit berlalu. The History Channel. 
  9. ^ a b "Madonna Biography". Music Atlas. Diakses tanggal 2007-12-28. 
  10. ^ Morton, p. 23
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  13. ^ Taraborrelli, p. 43
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  15. ^ Holden, Stephen. "Madonna Makes a $60 Million Deal". New York Times. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-27. 
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  28. ^ Cross, p. 100
  29. ^ Cross, p. 105
  30. ^ Horton, p. 56
  31. ^ O' Brien, p. 71
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  34. ^ Pitts, p. 40
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  36. ^ Sexton, p. 88
  37. ^ Cross, p. 128
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  113. ^ Johnston, Maura (2010-01-22). "Madonna Brings Classic 'Like A Prayer' To 'Hope For Haiti Now' Telethon". MTV. MTV Networks. Diakses tanggal 2010-01-25. 
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    • The Confessions Tour: Issue 884
    • Celebration: The Video Collection: Issue 1023
    • Sticky & Sweet Tour: Issue 1049
    • MDNA World Tour: Issue 1229
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    • Rebel Heart Tour: September 23, 2017
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    • I'm Going to Tell You a Secret: 2006, Semana 26
    • Celebration: The Video Collection: 2009, Semana 40
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    • Rebel Heart Tour: 2017, Semana 38
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    • Drowned World Tour 2001: November 25, 2001
    • MDNA World Tour: September 15, 2013
    • Rebel Heart Tour: September 17, 2017
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    • In Bed with Madonna: April 8, 2001
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    • The Immaculate Collection and The Video Collection 93:99: March 4, 2001 (see "Peak Pos")
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Daftar pustaka

  • Brackett, Nathan (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (edisi ke-Rev Upd). Simon & Schuster. hlm. 509. ISBN 0743201698. 
  • Clark, Carol (2002). Madonnastyle. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-8874-9. 
  • Cross, Mary (2007). Madonna: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0313338116. 
  • Fouz-Hernández, Santiago (2004). Madonna's Drowned Worlds. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-3372-1. 
  • Friskics-Warren, Bill (2006). I'll Take You There: Pop Music and the Urge for Transcendence. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0826419216. 
  • George-Warren, Holly (ed.) (1997) [1997]. Madonna: The Rolling Stone Files: The Ultimate Compendium of Interviews, Articles, Facts and Opinions from the Files of Rolling Stone. Hyperion Books. ISBN 0786881542. 
  • Glenday, Craig (2007). Guinness Book of World Records 2007 (edisi ke-Mass Market Paperback). Bantam Books. ISBN 055358992X. 
  • Guralnick, Peter (2000). Best Music Writing. Da Capo Press. hlm. 149. ISBN 0306809990. 
  • Hoban, Phoebe (2004). Basquiat: A Quick Killing in Art. Penguin Books. ISBN 0143035126. 
  • Horton, Rosalind (2007). Sally Simmons, ed. Women Who Changed the World. Quercus. hlm. 196. ISBN 1847240267. 
  • Kellner, Douglas (1995). Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern. Routledge. ISBN 0415105706. 
  • Kramarae, Cheris (2000). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. Routledge. hlm. 1408. ISBN 0415920914. 
  • Metz, Andrew (1999). The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary. Music Sales Group. ISBN 0825671949. 
  • O'Brien, Lucy (2007). Madonna: Like an Icon. HarperCollins. hlm. 50. ISBN 0593055470. 
  • Orgill, Roxanne (2001). Shout, Sister, Shout!: Ten Girl Singers who Shaped a Century. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0689819919. 
  • Pitts, Michael (2004) [1979]. Famous Movie Detectives. Scarecrow Press. hlm. 107. ISBN 0810836904. 
  • Rettenmund, Matthew (1995). Madonnica: The Woman & The Icon From A To Z. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312117825. 
  • Robertson, Pamela (1996). Guilty Pleasures: Feminist Camp From Mae West to Madonna. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. hlm. 117. ISBN 978-0822317487. 
  • Rooksby, Rikky (2004). The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0711998833. 
  • Rust, Paula C. Rodriguez (2000). Bisexuality in the United States: A Social Science Reader. New York: Columbia University Press. Madonna's relationships with women have been the subject of public intrigue and scrutiny. She has been linked with Naomi Campbell and Saundra Bernhardt. Madonna's sexual fluidity has been attributed to the social liberation of bisexuality in the United States in the 1990's. 
  • Sexton, Adam (1993). Desperately Seeking Madonna: In Search of the Meaning of the World's Most Famous Woman. Delta. ISBN 0385306881. 
  • St. Michael, Mick (2004). "Music". Madonna talking: Madonna in Her Own Words. Omnibus Press. hlm. 35. ISBN 1844494187. 
  • Streitmatter, Rodger (2004). Sex Sells!. Westview Press. hlm. 126–127. ISBN 9780813342481. 
  • Taraborrelli, Randy J. (2002). Madonna: An Intimate Biography. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0743228804. 
  • Tetzlaff, David (1993). Metatextual Girl. Westview Press. 
  • Victor, Barbara (2001). Goddess, Inside Madonna. Cliff Street Books. hlm. 23. ISBN 0-06-019930-X. 
  • Voller, Debbie (1999). Madonna: The Style Book. Omnibus Press. ISBN 0711975116. 
  • Warren, Holly (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (edisi ke-Rev Upd). Fireside. hlm. 596. ISBN 0743201205. 
  • Welton, Donn (1998). Body and flesh: a philosophical reader. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1577181263. 

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