Wikipedia

Kabinet Natsir

Kabinet di Indonesia
Revisi sejak 3 Mei 2024 17.58 oleh Abiedestar (bicara | kontrib)

Kabinet Natsir[1][2] adalah kabinet pertama yang dibentuk setelah pembubaran negara Republik Indonesia Serikat, dan kembali menjadi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kabinet ini diumumkan pada 6 September 1950 dan bertugas sejak 7 September 1950 hingga 21 Maret 1951.

Kabinet Natsir

Kabinet Pemerintahan Indonesia ke-12
1950–1951
Dibentuk7 September 1950
Diselesaikan21 Maret 1951
Struktur pemerintahan
PresidenSoekarno
Wakil PresidenMohammad Hatta
Perdana MenteriMohammad Natsir
Wakil Perdana MenteriSri Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX
Jumlah menteri18
Partai anggota
Sejarah
PendahuluKabinet RIS
Kabinet Halim
PenggantiKabinet Sukiman-Suwirjo

Mohammad Natsir dilantik pada 7 September 1950 di Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat oleh Presiden Soekarno sebagai Perdana Menteri pertama Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.[3] Pada masa Kabinet Natsir, terjadi beberapa pemberontakan di seluruh Indonesia dan permasalahan keamanan dalam negeri, seperti Gerakan DI/TII, Peristiwa Andi Azis, Pemberontakan APRA, dan separatis Republik Maluku Selatan. Negosiasi terhadap Irian Barat juga dilakukan namun menemui kebuntuan. Pada 22 Januari 1951, parlemen mengajukan mosi tidak percaya dan menang, yang berakibat Perdana Menteri Natsir harus mengembalikan mandatnya kepada Presiden Soekarno pada 21 Maret 1951. Penyebab lain dibubarkannya Kabinet Natsir adalah diterimanya mosi dari Hadikusumo, yang mengajukan pembubaran Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) yang telah dibentuk. Menurut pemerintah, mosi tersebut seharusnya tidak dapat diajukan karena alasan hukum formil.

Pimpinan

Presiden Wakil Presiden
Soekarno     Mohammad Hatta

Anggota

Berikut ini adalah anggota Kabinet Natsir.

No. Jabatan Pejabat Periode Partai Politik
Mulai menjabat Selesai menjabat
Perdana dan Wakil Perdana Menteri
1 Perdana Menteri   Mohammad Natsir 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Masyumi
2 Wakil Perdana Menteri   Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Nonpartai
Menteri
3 Menteri Luar Negeri   Mohammad Roem 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Masyumi
4 Menteri Dalam Negeri   Assaat 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Nonpartai
5 Menteri Pertahanan   Abdul Halim[4] 7 September 1950 17 Desember 1950 Nonpartai
  Mohammad Natsir
(ad-interim) 		17 Desember 1950 21 Maret 1951 Masyumi
6 Menteri Kehakiman   Wongsonegoro 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 PIR
7 Menteri Penerangan   Melkias Agustinus Pellaupessy 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Demokrat
8 Menteri Keuangan   Syafruddin Prawiranegara 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Masyumi
9 Menteri Pertanian   Tandiono Manu 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 PSI
10 Menteri Perdagangan dan Perindustrian   Sumitro Djojohadikusumo 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 PSI
11 Menteri Perhubungan   Djuanda Kartawidjaja 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Nonpartai
12 Menteri Tenaga dan Pekerjaan Umum   Herman Johannes 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 PIR
13 Menteri Perburuhan   Pandji Suroso 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Parindra
14 Menteri Sosial   Fredericus Soetrisno Harjadi 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 PKRI
15 Menteri Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Kebudayaan   Bahder Djohan 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Nonpartai
16 Menteri Agama   Wahid Hasjim 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Masyumi
17 Menteri Kesehatan   Johannes Leimena 7 September 1950 21 Maret 1951 Parkindo
18 Menteri Negara
(jabatan dihapuskan sejak 31 Desember 1950) 		  Harsono Tjokroaminoto[5] 7 September 1950 31 Desember 1950 PSII

Sejarah

Pembentukan kabinet

Pada 20 Agustus 1949, Presiden Soekarno melaksanakan hak prerogatifnya dengan menunjuk Mohammad Natsir untuk membentuk susunan kabinet baru. Kabinet Natsir kemudian merupakan kabinet koalisi dengan partai Masyumi sebagai inti utamanya.[butuh rujukan]Namun, PNI tidak mendapatkan posisi dalam kabinet tersebut. Sebagian besar anggota kabinet berasal dari Masyumi, namun tetap terdapat beberapa anggota kabinet non partai. Kabinet Natsir diisi oleh beberapa tokoh populer, seperti Hamengkubuwana IX, Djoeanda Kartawidjaja, dan Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo. Seringkali disebut sebagai 'Kabinet Zaken',[6] ide Natsir adalah untuk membentuk kabinet nasionalis yang diisi oleh partai-partai koalisi. Namun, ide tersebut tidak dapat diwujudkan karena adanya perebutan kursi kabinet antara PNI dan Masyumi yang menyebabkan ketidaksenangan dari sisi PNI serta menyulitkan PNI bergabung ke dalam kabinet. Dalam kasus tersebut, Natsir beralasan partainya memiliki hak yang lebih banyak dibandingkan partai lain. PNI tidak setuju dengan pernyataan Natsir, mereka menganggap bahwa setiap partai koalisi berhak mendapatkan minimal satu kursi di kabinet. PNI meminta partainya mendapatkan jatah posisi Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Luar Negeri, dan Menteri Pendidikan. Setelah bernegosiasi, PNI merelakan posisi Menteri Luar Negeri kepada Masyumi dan Menteri Pendidikan kepada partai lain dengan syarat PNI mendapatkan posisi Menteri Dalam Negeri. Namun, harapan untuk mendapatkan posisi tersebut hilang ketika diputuskan Masyumi yang berhak atas posisi tersebut. PNI menganggap keputusan tersebut tidak adil mengingat posisi Perdana Menteri sendiri sudah diisi oleh Masyumi.[butuh rujukan]

Selain kritik dari partai lain, Kabinet Natsir juga dikritisi oleh partainya sendiri, Masyumi. Kritik tersebut diarahkan terhadap keputusan Kongres pada Desember 1949 yang melarang ketua partai menjadi menteri.[7] Tujuan dari kongres tersebut adalah konsolidasi partai namun diubah oleh Dewan Partai di Bogor pada 3–6 Juni 1950 yang membahas mengenai sistem federal yang tidak dapat dilanjutkan. Dalam rangka tidak melanggar keputusan kongres terlalu banyak, Natsir dinonaktifkan dari posisinya sebagai ketua umum Masyumi dan posisinya digantikan oleh Jusuf Wibisono.[butuh rujukan]

Penunjukan pertama

Setelah diratifikasi dan dilantik pada 6 September 1950, Kabinet Natsit dapat bekerja secara efektif setelah mendapatkan kepercayaan dan persetujuan program kerja dari parlemen dalam sesi 25 Oktober 1950, dengan 188 suara mendukung dan 73 suara menolak.[butuh rujukan]

Program kerja

Adapun Program Kabinet Natsir adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Mempersiapkan dan menyelenggarakan Pemilihan Umum untuk Dewan Konstituante dalam waktu yang singkat.
  • Mencapai konsolidasi dan menyempurnakan susunan Pemerintahan serta membentuk peralatan Negara yang bulat berdasarkan Pasal 146 di dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara 1950.
  • Menggiatkan berbagai usaha untuk mencapai keamanan dan ketenteraman.
  • Mengembangkan dan memperkokoh kekuatan perekonomian rakyat sebagai dasar bagi pelaksanaan kegiatan perekonomian nasional yang sehat serta melaksanakan keragaman dan kesamarataan hak antara buruh dan majikan.
  • Membantu pembangunan perumahan rakyat serta memperluas berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan kualitas manusia dalam hal kesehatan dan kecerdasan.
  • Menyempurnakan organisasi Angkatan Perang dan pemulihan mantan anggota-anggota tentara dan gerilya ke dalam masyarakat.
  • Memperjuangkan dan mengusahakan penyelesaian masalah perebutan wilayah Irian Barat dalam waktu yang singkat.

Implementasi program kerja Kabinet Natsir

Walaupun telah mendapatkan kepercayaan dan dukungan dari Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), Kabinet Natsir tidak mampu mengerjakan programnya. Parlemen yang diketuai oleh Sartono dari PNI, berperan sebagai oposisi dibandingkan sebagai pendukung pemerintah dalam perencanaan dan pengimplementasian program kabinet.

Permasalahan pemilihan umum

Salah satu program utama Kabinet Natsir adalah untuk melaksanakan pemilihan umum untuk membentuk sebuah Majelis konstituante yang bertugas merancang dan mengesahkan Konstitusi Indonesia yang sesuai dengan mandat Pasal 134 Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Serikat. Untuk melaksanakan pemilihan umum, diperlukan pedoman yang diatur oleh hukum. Oleh karena itu, Kabinet Natsir melalui Menteri Kehakiman Wongsonegoro telah merancang sebuah Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) Pemilihan Umum.

Ketika Kabinet Natsir melalui Menteri Kehakiman mengirimkan rancangan tersebut kepada parlemen pada Februari 1951 untuk dibahas dan disahkan menjadi Undang-Undang (UU) agar dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam melaksanakan pemilihan umum. Parlemen yang dipimpin oleh PNI yang merupakan oposisi pemerintahan, tidak langsung membahas RUU tersebut. Dengan tidak membahas RUU tersebut di parlemen, RUU tersebut terbengkalai dan tidak disahkan menjadi UU. Akibatnya, pemilihan umum tidak dapat dilaksanakan dikarenakan tidak adanya pedoman hukum yang berlaku pada saat itu.

Permasalahan keamanan dalam negeri

Gerilyawan Bersenjata

When the Natsir Cabinet took over the responsibility of the Indonesian government, domestic security problems had not yet fully recovered. Many armed groups are scattered throughout Indonesia. They possessed weapons legally because they seized them from the Japanese and Dutch colonial forces who were then used to fight to defend Indonesian independence. There are followers of S. M. Kartosuwiryo who called himself DI / TII in West Java, there was a communist group called "Merapi-Merbabu Complex" (MMC) In Central Java, there were Kahar Muzakar followers in South Sulawesi and "Laskar Hari Liar" in North Sumatra. As long as the weapons still available to them have not been put in order, the domestic security is not guaranteed.

Republic of South Maluku (RMS)

 
Republic of South Maluku Logo

Another problem in regard to internal security is the group that clearly states that it is independent and independent of Indonesian power, namely the RMS. Soumokil who proclaimed the Republic of South Maluku (RMS) in Ambon on 25 April 1950, namely the RIS Cabinet (Mohammad Hatta). The RIS government has tried to persuade the RMS by sending Dr. Johannes Leimena, a republican from Ambon to negotiate, but failed. On 14 July 1950, RIS sent TNI troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Slamet Riyadi to quell him. The RMS is supported by former KNIL (Dutch era soldiers) who are sufficiently trained and able to survive.

When the RIS Cabinet was replaced by the Natsir Cabinet, the RMS Rebellion had not yet been resolved. On 11 November 1950, TNI troops succeeded in occupying Fort Veronica which was the basis of the RMS defence and could subsequently take full control of Ambon City.

Aceh Predicament

The big problem that must be resolved by Natsir while serving as Prime Minister was the demand for full autonomy for the Aceh region. This problem also needs special handling and caution. The initial problem was that there was a change in government from the union to unity. The Aceh region was made part of the North Sumatra Province, whereas previously since December 1949 Aceh had become a separate province with the status of a Special Region, namely during the Hatta II Cabinet. The reintegration of the Aceh region into North Sumatra Province caused great and deep disappointment from the people of Aceh. They did not accept the merger decision and demanded rehabilitation of the Aceh province.

Prime Minister Natsir sent the Minister of Home Affairs, Mr Assaat and Minister of Finance, Mr Sjafruddin Prawiranegara to Aceh to negotiate the settlement of this matter. However, no agreement was reached. Subsequently, on 27 November 1950, the Vice President, Mohammad Hatta, came to Aceh to convey his views on regional autonomy in the DPRD building, but his speech was strongly opposed so he had to return to Jakarta the next day because he did not get results.

The demands of the people of Aceh are increasing. On 22 December 1950, based on the decision of the meeting of the Association of All Aceh Ulemas (PUSA), Prime Minister Natsir received a telegram from the Aceh Military Governor which threatened that the Governor and all office messengers would resign their positions if by 1 January 1951 Aceh was not made a province. Natsir answered the telegram by stating that he had to wait until he came to Aceh. However, Natsir could not immediately come to Aceh because his second child, who was 13 years old, Abu Hanifah, had an accident while playing in the Manggarai Swimming Pool until he died.

On 23 January 1951, Natsir and his entourage left for Aceh. In the evening there was a formal meeting attended by 80 local government officials and Aceh community leaders. Tengku Muhammad Daud Beureu'eh (Aceh Military Governor and PUSA figure), as the leader of the meeting, he reiterated the wishes and demands of the people of Aceh to gain full autonomy.

In his speech, Natsir explained that the central government had no objection to fulfilling Aceh's wishes, only that for implementation it needed a law that needed to be prepared, then submitted it to parliament to be ratified.

Educational Queries

Natsir's idea of national integration is not limited to the state structure but also in other fields, one of which is education. Natsir saw that one of the big problems in the education system at that time was the dualism between religious education and the general education system. Structurally, the systems are respectively under the Ministry of Religion and the Ministry of Education and Culture. Natsir tried to eradicate the dualism, but not with a structural approach such as the merging of two parties, but with an approach from the point of education itself. The Natsir Cabinet appeared as a driver of the convergence process of general education and religious education in Indonesia. Through the two ministers, the Natsir Cabinet put the idea that religious education must be supplemented by religious education and religious education must be supplemented by general science lessons.

Economic Problems and Development

One program that is considered good by the Natsir Cabinet is in the fields of economics and development. Supporting, among others, were two prominent Indonesian economists at the time, namely Sjafruddin Prawiranegara as Minister of Finance and Soemitro Djojohadikusumo as Minister of Trade and Industry. The Natsir Cabinet saw that a newly completed Indonesia from the war to defend independence was not easy to carry out development and development could not be carried out with the spirit of romanticism of a mere national awakening. For this reason, an in-depth study of all aspects, both weaknesses and strengths, is needed so that development can produce results.

Natsir's Cabinet assigned to a research company from the United States, J.C. White Engineering Corp to conduct a feasibility study for the formation of the National Design Bureau (BPN). The company was also asked to examine the potential of economic potential contained in Indonesia. However, because the Natsir Cabinet was short-lived, the research could not be completed but was continued by other cabinet ministers. Later, the BPN that was designed by the Natsir Cabinet developed into the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) which was very instrumental in the development of Indonesia, especially during the New Order.

The West Irian Problem

The Natsir Cabinet sent a delegation led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mohammad Roem to a conference on West Irian which was held in The Hague on 4 December 1950. But the conference failed because the Dutch refused to return sovereignty over West Irian to Indonesia. The deadlocked negotiations resumed on 13–16 December 1950, after each delegation consulted with the government. The Indonesian delegation proposed three formulations, namely:

1. The transfer of sovereignty of West Irian was carried out to Indonesia.

2. Submission at a certain time, namely in mid-1951

3. Before the surrender was made, a conference was first held in order to preserve various Dutch interests in West Irian.

The three formulations were rejected by the Dutch so that the negotiations failed again. Noting that there was no intention of the Dutch to surrender sovereignty of West Irian to Indonesia, Prime Minister Natsir stated before the Indonesian parliament that the status of the Dutch-Indonesian Union needed a review. Efforts that were continually initiated by the Natsir Cabinet were continued by other cabinet ministers but suffered the same fate from the Dutch who wished to continue to control the West Irian region.[butuh rujukan]

Achievements

The Sumitro Plan

The Sumitro Plan is an economic and industrial development program. The target of this program is to concentrate on the development of basic industries, such as cement factories, printing companies, sack factories, and spinning mills.[butuh rujukan]

The Success of Sumitro Plan

  1. Successfully reorganized Bank Indonesia to become the First Foreign Exchange Bank.
  2. Carry out a reorganization of Bank Rakyat Indonesia so that it can help new activities in the field of trade and domestic production.
  3. To establish a new bank, the State Industrial Bank to finance long-term development. Now, this bank is called Bank Pembangunan Indonesia (Bapindo).
  4. Can lay instructions for establishing new companies in advancing small industries in agricultural areas such as leather processing, making umbrellas, bricks, tiles and ceramic.
  5. Successfully built medium and large industries, such as printing, remailing gum, paper mills, and fertilizer factories.[8]

Indonesia joins the UN

Indonesia was accepted as the 60th member of the United Nations on 28 September 1950.[9]

Problems

  1. Efforts to fight for the West Irian Problem with the Netherlands failed.
  2. In implementing Sumitro Plan, national entrepreneurs were given credit assistance but were misused, causing the cabinet to fail in achieving their targets.
  3. The emergence of the problem of domestic security, namely there were rebellions in almost all regions of Indonesia. For example: Andi Aziz Movement, DI/TII Movement, APRA Movement, and RMS Movement.
  4. Too often issuing emergency laws which got negative responds from the opposition party.

Fallout

  1. PNI did not approve the enactment of government regulation number 39 year 1950 concerning DPRD that considered beneficial to Masyumi only
  2. Hadikusumo's motion from PNI regarding the freezing and dissolution of DPRD.[10]

Lihat pula

Catatan

  1. ^ Kabinet Natsir dibentuk dengan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 1950 tertanggal 6 September 1950.
  2. ^ Dengan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 43 Tahun 1951 tanggal 21 Maret 1951, Kabinet Natsir demisioner sejak 21 Maret 1951.
  3. ^ Dzulfikridin, Mohammad (2010). Mohammad Natsir—Dalam Sejarah Politik Indonesia—Peran dan Jasa Natsir dalam Dua Orde Indonesia. Bandung, Indonesia: PT Mizan Pustaka. hlm. 18. 
  4. ^ Dengan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 2A Tahun 1951 tertanggal 9 Januari 1951, Abdul Halim berhenti menjabat sebagai Menteri Pertahanan mulai tanggal 17 Desember 1950 karena alasan kesehatan.
  5. ^ Dengan Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 65 Tahun 1950 tertanggal 20 Desember 1950, Harsono Tjokroaminoto berhenti menjabat sebagai Menteri Negara mulai tanggal 31 Desember 1950 karena partainya (PSII) keluar dari kabinet.
  6. ^ Afrianto, Dedy (18 July 2019). "Diorama Kabinet "Zaken"". Kompas.id. Diakses tanggal 10 October 2019. 
  7. ^ Subarkah, Muhammad (31 August 2018). "Sukarno-Natsir:Lawan Pendapat Bukan Musuh yang Harus Dihabis". Republika.co.id. Diakses tanggal 4 September 2019. 
  8. ^ Glassburner, Bruce (1962). "Economy Policy-Making in Indonesia,1950-57". Economic Development and Cultural Change. 10 (2): 113–133. doi:10.1086/449948. JSTOR 1151906. 
  9. ^ Qodariah, Khasanah. "Demokrasi Liberal". Versi Materi Oleh D. Endarto. 1: 5 – via academia.edu. 
  10. ^ Hakiki, Paizon (February 2014). "Sistem Pemerintahan Pada Masa Demokrasi Liberal 1949-1959" (PDF). Neliti. 1: 6. 

Referensi

  • Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003), Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi (dalam bahasa Indonesian), Jakarta: Djambatan, hlm. 116–124, ISBN 979-428-499-8. 

Pranala luar

 
Kabinet Pemerintahan Indonesia
Didahului oleh:
Kabinet RIS
Kabinet Halim 		Kabinet Natsir
1950–1951 		Diteruskan oleh:
Kabinet Sukiman-Suwirjo
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/w/index.php?title=Kabinet_Natsir&oldid=25664107"