Dīghanikāya
Kumpulan pertama di Suttapiṭaka dalam kitab suci Tripitaka Pali milik Buddhisme Theravada
Dīghanikāya (Pali untuk "Kumpulan Panjang"; disingkat DN), juga ditulis sebagai Dīgha Nikāya, merupakan bagian dari kitab suci Buddhisme sebagai kumpulan pertama dari lima nikāya dalam Suttapiṭaka, yang merupakan keranjang pertama dari "tiga keranjang" dalam Tripitaka Pali milik aliran Theravāda. Beberapa sutta yang sering dirujuk adalah Mahāparinibbāna Sutta (DN 16) yang menjelaskan saat-saat terakhir dan kematian Buddha; Sigālovāda Sutta (DN 31) yang berisi penjelasan Buddha tentang hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan oleh umat awam; Samaññaphala Sutta (DN 2) dan Brahmajāla Sutta (DN 1) yang menjelaskan dan membandingkan pandangan Sang Buddha dengan petapa agama lain di India tentang alam dan waktu (masa lalu, masa kini, dan masa mendatang); dan Potthapada Sutta (DN 9) yang menjelaskan manfaat dan pelaksanaan meditasi samatha.
| Dīghanikāya | |
|---|---|
| Jenis | Kitab kanonis |
| Induk | Suttapiṭaka |
| Atribusi | Ānanda; Bhāṇaka |
| Komentar | Dīghanikāya-aṭṭhakathā (Sumaṅgalavilāsinī) |
| Pengomentar | Buddhaghosa |
| Subkomentar | Līnatthappakāsana; Sādhuvilāsinī |
| Singkatan | DN; D |
| Sastra Pāli | |
| Tipiṭaka |
|---|
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| Buddhisme Theravāda |
| Bagian dari seri tentang |
| Buddhisme Theravāda |
|---|
 |
| Buddhisme |
Gambaran umum
Dīghanikāya terdiri dari 34[1] kumpulan diskusi-diskusi yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok:
- Sīlakkhandha-vagga — Bab mengenai Moralitas (DN 1-13);[1] dinamai berdasarkan gambaran terkait moralitas para biksu yang tertulis dalam setiap setiap sutta-sutta-nya (secara teori; dalam kenyataannya, tidak tertulis lengkap); sebagian besar, moralitas tersebut menuntun kepada jhāna (pencapaian utama dalam meditasi samatha), pengembangan kemampuan batiniah dan menjadi seorang Arahat.
- Mahā-vagga — Bab Besar (DN 14-23)[1]
- Pāthika-vagga — Bab Pāthika (DN 24-34)[1]
Paralel
Kitab Dīghanikāya paralel dengan Dīrghāgama yang ditemukan dalam Sūtrapiṭaka dari berbagai aliran Buddhis awal berbahasa Sanskerta (non-Theravāda), yang fragmennya masih ada dalam bahasa Sanskerta. Versi lengkap Dīrghaāgama dari aliran Dharmaguptaka masih ada dalam terjemahan bahasa Tionghoa dengan nama Zhǎng Āhánjīng (長阿含經). Kitab Dīrghāgama tersebut berisi 30 sūtra yang berbeda dengan 34 sutta dalam Dīghanikāya milik Theravāda. Selain itu, beberapa bagian dari Dīrghāgama aliran Sarvāstivāda juga masih ada dalam bahasa Sanskerta dan terjemahan bahasa Tibet.[2]
Susunan
| No. sutta | Judul bahasa Pali | Judul bahasa Inggris |
|---|---|---|
| Description | ||
| DN 1 | Brahmajāla Sutta[3] | The All - embracing Net of views [3] |
| Mainly concerned with 62 types of wrong view. | ||
| DN 2 | Sāmaññaphala Sutta[4] | The Fruits of the Contemplative Life |
| King Ajātasattu of Magadha asks the Buddha about the benefits in this life of being a samana ("recluse" or "renunciant"); the Buddha's reply is in terms of becoming an Arhat. | ||
| DN 3 | Ambaṭṭha Sutta[5] | |
| Ambattha the Brahmin is sent by his teacher to find whether the Buddha possesses the 32 bodily marks, but on arrival he is rude to the Buddha on grounds of descent (caste); the Buddha responds that he is actually higher born than Ambattha by social convention, but that he himself considers those fulfilled in conduct and wisdom as higher. | ||
| DN 4 | Soṇadaṇḍanta Sutta[6] | |
| The Buddha asks Sonadanda the Brahmin what are the qualities that make a Brahmin; Sonadanda gives five, but the Buddha asks if any can be omitted and argues him down to two: morality and wisdom. | ||
| DN 5 | Kūṭadanta Sutta[7] | |
| Kutadanta the Brahmin asks the Buddha how to perform a sacrifice; the Buddha replies by telling of one of his past lives, as chaplain to a king, where they performed a sacrifice which consisted of making offerings, with no animals killed. | ||
| DN 6 | Mahāli Sutta[8] | |
| In reply to a question as to why a certain monk sees divine sights but does not hear divine sounds, the Buddha explains that it is because of the way he has directed his meditation. | ||
| DN 7 | Jāliya Sutta | |
| Asked by two Brahmins whether the soul and the body are the same or different, the Buddha describes the path to wisdom, and asks whether one who has fulfilled it would bother with such questions. | ||
| DN 8 | Mahāsīhanāda Sutta
(alt:Kassapa Sīhananāda Sutta atau Sīhanāda Sutta) |
|
| The word sihanada literally means 'lion's roar': this discourse is concerned with asceticism. | ||
| DN 9 | Poṭṭhapāda Sutta[9] | About Potthapada |
| Asked about the cause of the arising of saññā, usually translated as perception, the Buddha says it is through training; he explains the path as above up to the jhanas and the arising of their perceptions, and then continues with the first three formless attainments; the sutta then moves on to other topics, the self and the unanswered questions. | ||
| DN 10 | Subha Sutta[10] | |
| Ananda describes the path taught by the Buddha. | ||
| DN 11 | Kevaṭṭa Sutta[11]
alt: Kevaḍḍha Sutta |
To Kevatta |
| Kevaddha asks the Buddha why he does not gain disciples by working miracles; the Buddha explains that people would simply dismiss this as magic and that the real miracle is the training of his followers. | ||
| DN 12 | Lohicca Sutta[12] | To Lohicca |
| On good and bad teachers. | ||
| DN 13 | Tevijja Sutta | |
| Asked about the path to union with Brahma, the Buddha explains it in terms of the Buddhist path, but ending with the four brahmaviharas; the abbreviated way the text is written out makes it unclear how much of the path comes before this; Richard Gombrich has argued that the Buddha was meaning union with Brahma as synonymous with nirvana.[13] | ||
| DN 14 | Mahāpadāna Sutta | |
| Tells the story of a past Buddha up to shortly after his enlightenment; the story is similar to that of Gautama Buddha. | ||
| DN 15 | Mahanidāna Sutta[14] | The Great Causes Discourse |
| On dependent origination. | ||
| DN 16 | Mahaparinibbāna Sutta[15] | The Last Days of the Buddha |
| Story of the last few months of the Buddha's life, his death and funeral, and the distribution of his relics. | ||
| DN 17 | Mahasudassana Sutta | |
| Story of one of the Buddha's past lives as a king. The description of his palace has close verbal similarities to that of the Pure Land, and Rupert Gethin has suggested this as a precursor.[16] | ||
| DN 18 | Janavasabha Sutta | |
| King Bimbisara of Magadha, reborn as the god Janavasabha, tells the Buddha that his teaching has resulted in increased numbers of people being reborn as gods. | ||
| DN 19 | Maha-Govinda Sutta | |
| Story of a past life of the Buddha. | ||
| DN 20 | Mahasamaya Sutta[17] | The Great Meeting |
| Long versified list of gods coming to honour the Buddha. | ||
| DN 21 | Sakkapañha Sutta[18] | Sakka's Questions |
| The Buddha answers questions from Sakka, ruler of the gods (a Buddhist version of Indra). | ||
| DN 22 | Mahasatipaṭṭhāna Sutta[19] | The Great Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness |
| The basis for one of the Burmese vipassana meditation traditions; many people have it read or recited to them on their deathbeds.[20] | ||
| DN 23 | Pāyāsi Sutta
alt: Payasi Rājañña Sutta |
|
| Dialogue between the skeptical Prince Payasi and a monk. | ||
| DN 24 | Pāṭika Sutta
alt:Pāthika Sutta |
|
| A monk has left the order because he says the Buddha does not work miracles; most of the sutta is taken up with accounts of miracles the Buddha has worked. | ||
| DN 25 | Udumbarika Sihanada Sutta
alt: Udumbarika Sutta |
|
| Another discourse on asceticism. | ||
| DN 26 | Cakkavatti Sihanada Sutta[21] | The Wheel-turning Emperor |
| Story of humanity's decline from a golden age in the past, with a prophecy of its eventual return. | ||
| DN 27 | Aggañña Sutta | |
| Another story of humanity's decline. | ||
| DN 28 | Sampasādaniya Sutta | |
| Sariputta praises the Buddha. | ||
| DN 29 | Pāsādika Sutta[22] | The Inspiring Discourse |
| The Buddha's response to the news of the death of his rival, the founder of Jainism. | ||
| DN 30 | Lakkhaṇa Sutta | |
| Explains the actions of the Buddha in his previous lives leading to his 32 bodily marks; thus it describes practices of a bodhisattva (perhaps the earliest such description). | ||
| DN 31 | Sigalovada Sutta
alt:Singala Sutta, Singalaka Sutta or Sigala Sutta |
To Sigala/The Layperson's Code of Discipline |
| Traditionally regarded as the lay vinaya. | ||
| DN 32 | Āṭānāṭiya Sutta | The Discourse on Atanatiya |
| Gods give the Buddha a poem for his followers, male and female, monastic and lay, to recite for protection from evil spirits; it sets up a mandala or circle of protection and a version of this sutta is classified as a tantra in Tibet and Japan.[23] | ||
| DN 33 | Saṅgāti Sutta[24] | The Discourse for Reciting Together |
| L. S. Cousins has tentatively suggested[25] that this was the first sutta created as a literary text, at the Second Council, his theory being that sutta was originally a pattern of teaching rather than a body of literature; it is taught by Sariputta at the Buddha's request, and gives lists arranged numerically from ones to tens (cf. Anguttara Nikaya); a version of this belonging to another school was used as the basis for one of the books of their Abhidharma Pitaka. | ||
| DN 34 | Dasuttara Sutta[26] | Progressing by Tens |
| Similar to the preceding sutta but with a fixed format; there are ten categories, and each number has one list in each; this material is also used in the Patisambhidamagga. | ||
Terjemahan
Bahasa Inggris
Terjemahan lengkap
- Dīgha Nikāya | The Long Collection oleh Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu
- Dialogues of the Buddha, tr T. W. dan C. A. F. Rhys Davids, 1899–1921, 3 volume, Pali Text Society, Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol. 3.
- Thus Have I Heard: the Long Discourses of the Buddha, tr Maurice Walshe, Wisdom Pubs, 1987; kemudian diterbitkan ulang dengan subjudul aslinya; ISBN 0-86171-103-3
- The Long Discourses, tr Bhikkhu Sujato, 2018, diterbitkan secara daring di SuttaCentral dan dirilis ke domain publik
Teks-teks pilihan
- The Buddha's Philosophy of Man, Rhys Davids tr, rev Trevor Ling, Everyman, tidak lagi dicetak; 10 sutta termasuk DN 2, 16, 22, 31
- Long Discourses of the Buddha, tr Mrs A. A. G. Bennett, Bombay, 1964; DN 1-16
- Ten Suttas from Digha Nikaya, Burma Pitaka Association, Rangoon, 1984; DN 1, 2, 9, 15, 16, 22, 26, 28-29, 31
Lihat pula
- Nikāya lain dalam Suttapiṭaka, dalam urutan tradisionalnya:
- Tripitaka Pali
- Kitab Buddhis awal
Referensi
- ^ a b c d "Digha Nikaya: The Long Discourses". www.accesstoinsight.org. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-12.
- ^ A Dictionary of Buddhism, by Damien Keown, Oxford University Press: 2004
- ^ a b "Brahmajāla Sutta: The All-embracing Net of Views". www.accesstoinsight.org. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-12.
- ^ "English translation of DN 2, "The Fruits of Recluseship"". Sutta Central. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-15.
- ^ "English translation of DN 3, "To Ambaṭṭha"". Sutta Central. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-15.
- ^ "English translation of DN 4, "To Soṇadaṇḍa"". Sutta Central. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-27.
- ^ Kutadanta Sutta (tr.T.W. Rhys Davids).
- ^ Mahali Sutta (tr. Bhikkhu Sujato).
- ^ "English translation of DN 9, "To Poṭṭhapada"". Sutta Central. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-15.
- ^ Subha Sutta (tr.Bhikkhu Sujato).
- ^ Kevatta Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ "English translation of DN 12, "Lohicca"". Sutta Central. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-15.
- ^ Gombrich, Richard (1997), How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 81-215-0812-6
- ^ Mahanidana Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Mahaparinibbana Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Journal of the Pali Text Society, volume XXVIII
- ^ Mahasamaya Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Sakkapanha Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Mahasatipatthana Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Malalasekera, Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, volume II, page 564
- ^ Cakkavatti Sihanada Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Pasadika Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Skilling, Mahasutras, volume II, bagian I & II, 1997, Pali Text Society, Bristol, hlm. 84n, 553ff, 617ff
- ^ Sangiti Sutta (tr. Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu).
- ^ Pali oral literature, dalam Buddhist Studies, ed Denwood & Piatigorski, Curzon, London, 1982/3
- ^ "DN34 Dasuttara Sutta: Expanding Decades". www.palicanon.org. Diakses tanggal 2015-12-12.
Pranala luar
Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: Dīghanikāya.
- Dīgha Nikāya lengkap dalam bahasa Pali dan terjemahan bahasa Sinhala di tipitaka.lk
- Dīgha Nikāya dalam bahasa Pali dan Inggris di metta.lk
- Sebuah Studi tentang Dīgha Nikāya dalam Sutta Piṭaka
- Dīgha Nikāya dalam bahasa Inggris di accesstoinsight.org
- Daftar gratis semua sutta (disusun alfabetis)
- Dīgha Nikāya dalam bahasa Inggris dan Nepal