Wikipedia

Diktator

seorang penguasa absolut atau autokrat yang memegang kekuasaan tunggal atas suatu negara
Revisi sejak 30 November 2012 23.41 oleh Themod2008 (bicara | kontrib) (→‎Daftar diktator)

Diktator adalah seorang pemimpin negara yang memerintah secara otoriter/tirani dan menindas rakyatnya. Biasanya seorang diktator naik takhta dengan menggunakan kekerasan, seringkali dengan sebuah kudeta. Tetapi ada pula diktator yang naik takhta secara demokratis. Contoh yang paling terkenal adalah Adolf Hitler.

Seringkali diktator dibedakan dengan despot. Seorang despot berkuasa secara sewenang-wenang pula, tetapi kadangkala ada pula despot yang 'baik'.

Diktatorisme

Diktatorisme adalah sebuah paham yang artinya diambil dari kata "diktator" artinya orang yang memerintah suatu negara/pemerintahan dengan hak-hak dan kekuasaan absolut dan -isme yang berarti sebuah pemahaman maka disimpulkan diktatorisme adalah sebuah paham yang dianut oleh suatu negara untuk dipimpin oleh seorang pemimpin otoriter yang mempunyai hak dan kewajiban absolut. Adapun diktatorisme cenderung lebih banyak dipraktikkan di negara-negara Eropa seperti Jerman, Polandia, Perancis, dan Italia.

Daftar diktator

Nama Negara Tahun berkuasa Akhir berkuasa Ideologi
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia[1]   Saudi Arabia 2005 petahana Islamik monarki
Afewerki Isaias Isaias Afewerki   Eritrea 1991 present

Nasionalis Diktator konstitusional

Amin Idi Idi Amin[2]   Uganda 1971 1979 Diktator militer
Assad Bashar Bashar al-Assad[1]   Syria 2000 petahana Ba'athisme
Assad Hafez Hafez al-Assad   Syria 1970 2000 Ba'athisme
Bainimarama Frank Frank Bainimarama   Fiji 2006 petahana Diktator militer
Barre Siad Siad Barre   Somalia 1969 1991 Komunis Diktator militer
Bashir Omar Omar al-Bashir[1]   Sudan 1989 petahana Militer/Diktator konstitusional
Batista Fulgencio Fulgencio Batista[2]   Cuba 1952 1959 Anti-komunis Diktator militer
Berdimuhamedow Gurbanguly Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow[2]   Turkmenistan 2006 petahana Nasionalis Diktator konstitusional
Bokassa Jean-Bédel Jean-Bédel Bokassa   Central African Republic 1966 1979 Anti-komunis Diktator militer
Bolkiah Hassanal Hassanal Bolkiah   Brunei 1967 petahana Sultan
Bongo Omar Omar Bongo   Gabon 1967 2009 Diktator konstitusional
Bozizé François François Bozizé   Central African Republic 2003 petahana Diktator konstitusional
Bush Walker George George Walker Bush   United States of America 2001 2009 Diktator militer
Castro Fidel Fidel Castro   Cuba 1959 2008 Marxis-Leninis Komunisme
Castro Raúl Raúl Castro   Cuba 2008 petahana Marxis-Leninis Komunisme
Ceaușescu Nicolae Nicolae Ceaușescu[2]   Romania 1965 1989 Komunisme
Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek   Republic of China 1927 1975 Nasionalis China/Anti-komunis Diktator militer
Compaore Blaise Blaise Compaoré[1]   Burkina Faso 1987 petahana Diktator konstitusional
Deby Idriss Idriss Déby[1]   Chad 1990 petahana Militer/Diktator konstitusional
Diaz Porfirio Porfirio Díaz   Mexico 1876 1911 Militer/Diktator konstitusional
Doo-hwan Chun Chun Doo-hwan   South Korea 1979 1988 Militer/Diktator konstitusional
Dollfuss Engelbert Engelbert Dollfuss   Austria 1932 1934 Nasionalisme/Fasisme
Duvalier Francois François Duvalier   Haiti 1957 1971 Anti-komunis Diktator militer
Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir Mohamad   Malaysia 1981 2003 Diktator konstitusional
Duvalier Jean Claude Jean Claude Duvalier[2]   Haiti 1971 1986 Anti-komunis Diktator konstitusional
Franco Francisco Francisco Franco   Spain 1939 1975 Nasionalis/Fasis Diktator militer
Fujimori Alberto Alberto Fujimori   Peru 1990 2000 Anti-komunis Diktator konstitusional (Fujimorisme)
Gaddafi Muammar Muammar Gaddafi[1]   Libya 1969 2011 Sosialis Arab/Pan-Afrikanisme (Gaddafisme)
Gayoom Maumoon Abdul Maumoon Abdul Gayoom   Maldives 1978 2008 Diktator konstitusional
Gottwald Klement Klement Gottwald   Czechoslovakia 1948 1953 Komunisme
Guelleh Ismaïl Omar Ismaïl Omar Guelleh   Djibouti 1999 petahana Sosialis Diktator konstitusional
Hitler Adolf Adolf Hitler[2]   Jerman 1933 1945 Nazisme
Hoxha Enver Enver Hoxha   Albania 1944 1985 Marxis-Leninis Komunisme, Maoisme (Hoxhaisme)
Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh   North Vietnam 1954 1969 Komunisme
Honecker Erich Erich Honecker   East Germany 1971 1989 Komunisme
Horthy Miklos Miklós Horthy   Hungaria 1920 1944 Anti-komunis/Fasis Diktator militer
Hussein Saddam Saddam Hussein[2]   Iraq 1979 2003 Ba'athisme
Kagame Paul Paul Kagame   Rwanda 1994 petahana Diktator militer/Diktator konstitusional
Karimov Islam Islam Karimov[1]   Uzbekistan 1990 petahana Nasionalis Diktator konstitusional
Khan Ayub Ayub Khan   Pakistan 1958 1969 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Khan Yahya Yahya Khan   Pakistan 1969 1971 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Khomeini Ayatollah Ayatollah Khomeini   Iran 1979 1989 Shia Islamic theocracy
Khamenei Ayatollah Ayatollah Khamenei[1]   Iran 1989 present Shia Islamic theocracy
Kim Il-sung Kim Il-sung   North Korea 1948 1994 Juche
Kim Jong-il Kim Jong-il[1]   North Korea 1994 2011 Juche
Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un   North Korea 2011 present Juche
Lukashenko Alexander Alexander Lukashenko   Belarus 1994 present Constitutional dictatorship
Mahathir Mohamad Mahathir Mohamad   Malaysia 1981 2003 Constitutional dictatorship
Mao Zedong Mao Zedong   China 1949 1976 Maoism
Marcos Ferdinand Ferdinand Marcos[2]   Philippines 1972 1986 Constitutional dictatorship
Mengistu Haile Mariam Mengistu Haile Mariam   Ethiopia 1977 1991 Communist military dictatorship
Metaxas Ioannis Ioannis Metaxas   Greece 1936 1941 Nationalist/Fascist military dictatorship
Mobutu Sese Seko Mobutu Sese Seko[2]   Zaire 1967 1997 Military dictatorship
Mubarak Hosni Hosni Mubarak[2]   Egypt 1981 2011 Constitutional dictatorship
Mugabe Robert Robert Mugabe[1]   Zimbabwe 1980 present Constitutional dictatorship, Black nationalism
Museveni Yoweri Yoweri Museveni[1]   Uganda 1986 present Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Musharraf Pervez Pervez Musharraf   Pakistan 1998 2008 Nationalist military dictatorship
Mussolini Benito Benito Mussolini[2]   Italia 1922 1943 Fascist military dictatorship
Nguema Francisco Macias Francisco Macías Nguema   Equatorial Guinea 1968 1979 Nationalist constitutional dictatorship
Nguema Mbasogo Teodoro Obiang Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[1]   Equatorial Guinea 1979 present Nationalist constitutional dictatorship
Nguesso Denis Sassou Denis Sassou Nguesso   Congo 1979 present Nationalist constitutional dictatorship
Niyazov Saparmurat Saparmurat Niyazov[3]   Turkmenistan 1990 2006 Nationalist constitutional dictatorship
Noriega Manuel Manuel Noriega   Panama 1983 1989 Military dictatorship
Ongania Juan Carlos Juan Carlos Onganía   Argentina 1966 1970 Military dictatorship
Park Chung-hee Park Chung-hee   South Korea 1961 1979 Military dictatorship
Pavelic Ante Ante Pavelic   Kroasia 1940 1944 Fascist military dictatorship
Petain Philippe Philippe Pétain   France 1941 1945 Nationalist/Fascist Nazi puppet regime
Pilsudski Jozef Józef Pilsudski   Poland 1926 1935 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Pinochet Augusto Augusto Pinochet   Chile 1973 1990 Military dictatorship
Pol Pot Pol Pot[2]   Cambodia 1975 1979 Maoist/Communist military dictatorship
Primo de Rivera Miguel Miguel Primo de Rivera   Spain 1923 1930 Military dictatorship
Rahmon Emomalii Emomalii Rahmon[1]   Tajikistan 1992 present Nationalist constitutional dictatorship
Rios Montt Efrain Efraín Ríos Montt   Guatemala 1982 1983 Military dictatorship
Rojas Pinilla Gustavo Gustavo Rojas Pinilla   Colombia 1953 1957 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Quisling Vidkun Vidkun Quisling   Norway 1940 1945 Nazi puppet regime
Salazar Antonio de Oliveira António de Oliveira Salazar[2]   Portugal 1932 1968 Fascist/Anti-communist military dictatorship
Santa Anna Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna   Mexico 1833 1855 Military dictatorship
Shwe Than Than Shwe   Myanmar 1992 2011 Military dictatorship
Somoza Garcia Anastasio Anastasio Somoza García   Nicaragua 1936 1956 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Somoza Debayle Luis Luis Somoza Debayle   Nicaragua 1956 1967 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Stalin Joseph Joseph Stalin   Soviet Union 1922 1953 Communism (Stalinism)
Stroessner Alfredo Alfredo Stroessner[2]   Paraguay 1954 1989 Anti-communist Military dictatorship
Suharto Suharto   Indonesia 1967 1998 Anti-communist Military dictatorship
Rhee Syngman Syngman Rhee   South Korea 1948 1960 Anti-communist Constitutional dictatorship
Tito Josip Broz Josip Broz Tito   Yugoslavia 1945 1980 Socialism (Titoism)
Trujillo Rafel Rafael Trujillo   Dominican Republic 1930 1961 Military/Constitutional dictatorship
Zenawi Meles Meles Zenawi   Ethiopia 1991 2012 Constitutional dictatorship
Zhivkov Todor Todor Zhivkov   Bulgaria 1954 1989 Communism
Zia-ul-Haq Muhammad Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq   Pakistan 1978 1988 Military/Constitutional dictatorship

Lihat pula

Pranala luar

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The world's enduring dictators". CBS News. May 16, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Top 15 Toppled Dictators". Time. October 20, 2011.
  3. ^ "Bizarre, brutal and self-obsessed. Now time's up for Turkmenistan's dictator". The Guardian. December 22, 2006.
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