Ahmadiyah menurut negara
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Ahmadiyah adalah sebuah gerakan kebangkitan Islam dan mazhab atau aliran baru dalam Islam. Gerakan ini lahir lebih dari satu abad, yang tak lepas dari kontroversi. Salah satu hal yang menjadi kontroversi antara Ahmadiyah dengan gerakan Islam lainnya misalnya NU, ialah masalah kenabian. Pengikut Ahmadiyah meyakini bahwa ada nabi setelah Nabi Muhammad. Sosok yang diyakini sebagai penerus Nabi Muhammad itu yakni Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, pendiri Ahmadiyah[1].
Perkembangan Pengikut Ahmadiyah
sunting- Jamaah Muslim Ahmadiyah
Pada tahun 2014, Jamaah Muslim Ahmadiyah telah berdiri di 206 negara yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Karena ada sejumlah negara melarang adanya Ahmadiyah di negara tersebut, jumlah Ahmadi tidak bisa dihitung secara pasti. Karenanya, Jamaah Muslim Ahmadiyah memberikan gambaran “puluhan juta”.[2] Walaupun begitu, kebanyakan dari sumber-sumber independen memperkirakan jumlah Ahmadi antara 10 sampai 20 juta.
- Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore
Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore mewakili sekitar kurang dari 0,2% dari jumlah total penduduk Ahmadi.[3]
Negara-negara
suntingBerikut ini adalah perkiraan angka Muslim Ahmadi dan persentase mereka menurut negara. Walaupun begitu, ini tidak mencantumkan seluruh negara yang memiliki penduduk Ahmadi. Banyak negara-negara dengan jumlah Muslim Ahmadi yang besar tidak tercantum, seperti Benin, Burkina Faso, Pantai Gading, Guinea, Gambia, dan sejumlah negara-negara Arab.
| Negara / Teritori | Populasi Ahmadi | Persentase (%) dari Muslim |
Persentase (%) dari penduduk |
Catatan/ Sumber |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina
|
15.500 | 2,0 | < 0,1 | Perkiraan[4] |
 Australia
|
3.000 | 0,8 | < 0,1 | Perkiraan[5] |
 Austria
|
300 | 0,1 | < 0,1 | Perkiraan[6] |
 Bangladesh
|
100.000 | 0,1 | 0,1 | Perkiraan[7][n 1] |
 Belarus
|
30 | 0,2 | < 0,1 | Estimate[8] |
 Belgia
|
1.250 | 0,2 | < 0,1 | Estimate[9] |
 Belize
|
50 | 1,8 | < 0,1 | Estimate[10] |
 Bulgaria
|
400 | < 0,1 | < 0,1 | Estimate[11] |
 Cameroon
|
430.000 | 12,0 | 2,2 | PRC[12] |
 Canada
|
25.000 | 2,5 | 0,1 | Estimate[13] |
 Chad
|
260.000 | 4,0 | 2,0 | PRC[12] |
 Congo
|
60.000 | 6,0 | 0,1 | PRC[12] |
 Denmark
|
600 | 0,3 | < 0,1 | Estimate[14] |
 Egypt
|
50.000 | 0,1 | < 0,1 | Estimate[15] |
 Fiji
|
2.000 | 3,6 | 0,3 | 1996 Census[n 2] |
 France
|
1.000 | < 0,1 | < 0,1 | |
 Germany
|
35.000 | 0,9 | < 0,1 | Estimate[16][17] |
 Ghana
|
635.000 | 16,0 | 2,5 | PRC[12][n 3] |
 Guatemala
|
100 | 8,3 | < 0,1 | Estimate[18] |
 Guinea Bissau
|
14.000 | 2,0 | 0,8 | PRC[12] |
 India
|
1.000.000 | 0,6 | < 0,1 | Estimate[19] |
 Indonesia
|
400.000 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ARDA[20][21] |
 Ireland
|
500 | 1,2 | < 0,1 | Estimate[22] |
 Israel
|
2.200 | 0,2 | < 0,1 | Estimate[23] |
 Italy
|
100 | < 0,1 | < 0,1 | Estimte[24] |
 Japan
|
100 | 0,1 | < 0,1 | |
 Kenya
|
115.000 | 4,0 | 0,3 | PRC[12] |
 Kyrgyzstan
|
1.000 | < 0,1 | < 0,1 | Estimate[25] |
 Lesotho
|
350 | 35,0 | < 0,1 | AMC[26] |
 Liberia
|
52.000 | 10,0 | 1,2 | PRC[12] |
 Malaysia
|
2.000 | < 0,1 | < 0,1 | Estimate[27] |
 Mali
|
245.000 | 2,0 | 1,6 | PRC[12] |
 Marshall Islands
|
10 | 100,0 | < 0,1 | U.S. Bureau of Democracy[28] |
 Mauritius
|
5.000 | 2,3 | 0,4 | |
 Mexico
|
100 | 2,7 | < 0,1 | Esitimate[29] |
 Netherlands
|
1.500 | 0,2 | < 0,1 | Estimate[30] |
 New Zealand
|
400 | 1,0 | < 0,1 | Estimate[31] |
 Niger
|
940.000 | 6,0 | 5,5 | PRC[12] |
 Nigeria
|
2.270.000 | 3,0 | 1,3 | PRC[12] |
 Norway
|
1.500 | 1,0 | < 0,1 | Estimate[32] |
 Pakistan
|
4.000.000 | 2,2 | 2,2 | Estimate[n 4] |
 Senegal
|
123.000 | 1,0 | 0,9 | PRC[12] |
 Sierra Leone
|
500.000 | 12,0 | 8,1 | AMC |
 Singapore
|
200 | < 0,1 | < 0,1 | 1970s Estimate[33] |
 Spain
|
600 | 0,1 | < 0,1 | |
 Suriname
|
10.000 | 11,9 | 1,9 | |
 Swaziland
|
250 | 12,5 | < 0,1 | AMC[34] |
 Sweden
|
800 | 0,2 | < 0,1 | |
 Switzerland
|
800 | 0,2 | < 0,1 | Estimate[35] |
 Tanzania
|
2.020.000 | 15,0 | 4,5 | PRC[12] |
 Tuvalu
|
300 | 100,0 | 3,0 | AMC |
 Uganda
|
162.000 | 4,0 | 0,5 | PRC[12] |
 United Kingdom
|
30.000 | 1,0 | < 0,1 | Estimate[36] |
 United States
|
15.000 | 0,6 | < 0,1 | Estimate[37] |
 Zambia
|
500 | 0,8 | < 0,1 | Estimate[38] |
Catatan
sunting- ^ There is also an upper estimate of 200,000 Ahmadi Muslims in Bangladesh.
- ^ The actual figure as stated in the 1996 census is 1,976.
- ^ Ghana's Muslims have previously raised concern over the census figures which states that 17% of Ghanaians belong to the Muslim faith. It is claimed that Muslims represent somewhere between 30 and 45% of Ghana. Under this, the Ahmadiyya population would number almost 2 million. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community itself gives an estimate of over 2 million Ahmadis in Ghana. See:
- "Muslims cry foul over population figures". News From Africa. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-02. Diakses tanggal April 30, 2014.
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques around the World. hlm. 70.
- ^ The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 5 million Ahmadis. However, the 4 million figure is the most quoted figure. See:
- over 2 million: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (2008-12-04). "Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 - Nov. 2008)". Diakses tanggal 2012-06-28.
- 3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan. Ausgabe 408/2, Januar 2005, S. 61 (PDF)
- 3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2005, S. 130
- 4.910.000: James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. Ethnic and national groups around the world. Greenwood Press . Westport 2002, page 52
- "Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan". Diakses tanggal April 30, 2014.
Referensi
sunting- ^ "Kenapa Ahmadiyah dianggap bukan Islam: Fakta dan kontroversinya". BBC News Indonesia. Diakses tanggal 2022-01-19.
- ^ "(Inggris) Sebuah Pengantar". Al Islam. Diakses tanggal 15 Februari 2015.
- ^ Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore telah menyatakan secara tidak resmi bahwa jumlah pengikutnya sekitar 30.000, dan 5.000 sampai 10.000 tinggal di Pakistan. Berdasarkan ini, Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore mewakili sekitar 0,2% dari jumlah total Ahmadi. Lihat:
- Simon Ross Valentine (2008-10-06). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice. Columbia University Press. hlm. 61. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- "Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan". Diakses tanggal April 30, 2014.
- ^ "El Islam en Argentina". 15 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 15 Februari 2015.
- ^ "A good Muslim's better life cut short by extremists". Sydney Morning Herald. March 11, 2012. Diakses tanggal February 22, 2014.
- ^ Jørgen Nielsen, Samim Akgönül, Ahmet Alibašić, Egdunas Raciu. Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 5. hlm. 55. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2014.
- ^ "Bangladesh bans Islam sect books". BBC News. January 9, 2004. Diakses tanggal February 22, 2014.
- ^ "Ahmadiyya Muslims among Banned Religious Organisations". UNHCR. November 4, 2003. Diakses tanggal May 2, 2014.
- ^ Khalid Saifullah. "Social and Economic Influence of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Flanders-Belgium" (PDF). Diakses tanggal April 30, 2014.
- ^ "Spreading The Message Of Islam in Belize". Diakses tanggal February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Bulgaria: Ahmadis barred "because it is against the religions that people follow here"". Diakses tanggal May 31, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity" (PDF). Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. August 9, 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-10-24. Diakses tanggal February 22, 2014.
- ^ Don Baker, Daniel L. Overmyer, Larry DeVries (August 9, 2012). Asian Religions in British Columbia. UCB Press. hlm. 73. Diakses tanggal February 22, 2014.
- ^ Mikkel Rytter. Family Upheaval: Generation, Mobility and Relatedness among Pakistani. Berghahn Books. hlm. 14. Diakses tanggal February 23, 2014.
- ^ Mohammad Hassan Khalil. Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others. Oxford University Press. hlm. 297. Diakses tanggal March 1, 2014.
- ^ "Mitgliederzahlen: Islam", in: Religionswissenschaftlicher Medien- und Informationsdienst|Religionswissenschaftliche Medien- und Informationsdienst e. V. (Abbreviation: REMID), Retrieved 3 January 2016
- ^ "Anzahl der Muslime in Deutschland nach Glaubensrichtung im Jahr 2015* (in 1.000)", in: Statista GmbH, Retrieved 3 January 2016
- ^ "Ahmadía, el ala pacífi ca del Islam, atrae a guatemaltecos". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-06-02. Diakses tanggal June 2, 2014.
- ^ Susan Snow Wadley. South Asia in the World: An Introduction. M.E. Sharpe Inc. hlm. 88.
- ^ "Indonesia". The Association of Religious Data. Diakses tanggal April 26, 2014.
- ^ Bruce Vaughn. Indonesia: Domestic Politics, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interests. Diane Publishing Co. hlm. 20. Diakses tanggal February 22, 2014.
- ^ Lorna Siggins (September 20, 2014). "Persecuted Muslims build first Irish mosque in Galway". Irish Times. Diakses tanggal September 20, 2014.
- ^ Estimate:
- Kababir only (2,200):"Kababir". Israel and You. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2015.
- 1990s Estimate (1,000):Ori Stendel. The Arabs in Israel. Sussex Academic Press. hlm. 45. ISBN 1898723249. Diakses tanggal March 4, 2014.
- ^ "Gli Ahmadi". Diakses tanggal February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Kyrgyz Officials Reject Muslim Sect". RFE/RL. January 6, 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-07. Diakses tanggal February 24, 2014.
- ^ Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around the World, pg. 76
- ^ "Malaysia's Ahmadis living dangerously". November 8, 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-02. Diakses tanggal April 30, 2014.
- ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2009: Marshall Islands. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007).
- ^ "Islam Comes to Merida". Yucatan Living. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-14. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2015.
- ^ "Poort krijgt nieuwe moskee". December 13, 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-04-26. Diakses tanggal April 26, 2014.
- ^ "Prayers for Opening". stuff.co.nz. October 31, 2013. Diakses tanggal March 4, 2014.
- ^ "Omstridt moské åpnes på Furuset". aftenbladet.no. September 29, 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-04. Diakses tanggal March 4, 2014.
- ^ James L. Peacock. Muslim Puritans: Reformist Psychology in Southeast Asian Islam. hlm. 147. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2014.
- ^ Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around the World, pg. 107
- ^ Matthias Kortmann, Kerstin Rosenow-Williams. Islamic Organizations in Europe and the USA: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. hlm. 102. Diakses tanggal February 23, 2014.
- ^ "Ahmadiyya Muslim Community celebrates 100 years since first missionary came to UK". This is Local London. June 3, 2013. Diakses tanggal May 2, 2014.
- ^ "Muslim group to get own caucus on Capitol Hill". Washington Times. February 27, 2014. Diakses tanggal March 1, 2014.
- ^ Some basics of religious education in Zambia. Diakses tanggal March 30, 2014.