Suttanipāta
Kitab Suttanipāta[1] (Pali untuk "Koleksi Diskursus"; disingkat Snp atau Sn) adalah sebuah kitab suci Buddhisme, sebuah koleksi sutta di Khuddaka Nikāya dalam Sutta Piṭaka dari Tripitaka Pali milik Buddhisme Theravāda. Suttanipāta berisi kumpulan diskursus yang disampaikan oleh Sang Buddha. Kitab ini adalah bagian dari korpus awal literatur Buddhisme. Chalmers[2] menjelaskan bahwa sutta berarti rangkaian ajaran yang berurutan dan Oldenberg menjelaskan bahwa nipāta berarti kumpulan kecil.[3]
| Suttanipāta | |
|---|---|
| Jenis | Kitab kanonis |
| Induk | Khuddaka Nikāya |
| Komentar | Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathā (Paramatthajotikā) |
| Pengomentar | Buddhaghosa |
| Singkatan | Snp; Sn |
| Sastra Pāli | |
| Tipiṭaka Pāli |
|---|
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| Buddhisme Theravāda |
| Bagian dari seri tentang |
| Buddhisme Theravāda |
|---|
 |
| Buddhisme |
Sejarah
suntingChalmers mengatakan bahwa isi dari Suttanipāta tidak sama kunonya dengan bagian kitab lainnya tetapi berisi beberapa komposisi Buddhis tertua.[2] Bharat Singh Upadhyaya,[4] Maurice Winternitz,[5] dan Hajime Nakamura[6] adalah cendekiawan Buddhisme terkemuka lainnya yang menganggap puisi dalam kitab ini berasal dari masa Buddhisme awal. Sebuah kitab komentar atas Suttanipāta, yang disebut Niddesa, juga merupakan bagian dari Tripitaka Pali itu sendiri sehingga menunjukkan kekunoan teks tersebut. Prasasti Bhabru atau Kolkota-Bairat dari Asoka juga menyebutkan banyak teks yang berasal dari kitab suci ini.
Beberapa sarjana[7] mengatakan bahwa isi kitab ini menggambarkan praktik Buddhisme tertua. Sarjana lainnya, seperti Bhikkhu Bodhi[8] dan K. R. Norman[9] setuju bahwa kitab ini memuat banyak materi awal. Dalam Tripitaka Tionghoa, sebuah versi dari Aṭṭhakavagga masih ada. Isi kitab yang terpisah-pisah dari versi bahasa Sanskerta dari Nipāta juga masih ada.[10] Niddesa, sebuah kitab komentar dalam dua bagian tentang isi Aṭṭhaka Vagga dan bagian-bagian Pārāyana Vagga, dimasukkan menjadi bagian dari Tripitaka Pali sebagai sebuah kitab Khuddaka Nikāya terpisah. Kitab komentar ini secara tradisional dikaitkan dengan Sariputta, dan keberadaannya dalam Tripitaka Pali dianggap sebagai bukti penyusunan Suttanipāta yang relatif awal.[11] Banyak cerita buddhis populer yang berasal dari Suttanipāta, seperti ramalan Asita tentang kelahiran Buddha Gotama di Nālaka Sutta dan cerita pertemuan Raja Bimbisara dengan Buddha Gotama.
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Daftar isi
suntingKitab Suttanipāta dibagi dalam lima bagian:
Uraga Vagga ("Bab tentang Ular")[12]
| No. sutta | Judul bahasa Pali | Judul bahasa Inggris[13] |
|---|---|---|
| Snp 1.1 | Uraga Sutta | "The Serpent" |
| Snp 1.2 | Dhaniya Sutta | "Discourse to Dhaniya" |
| Snp 1.3 | Khaggavisāṇa Sutta | "The Rhinoceros" |
| Snp 1.4 | Kasibhāradvāja Sutta | "Brahman Kasibharadvaj" |
| Snp 1.5 | Cunda Sutta | "Discourse to Cunda" |
| Snp 1.6 | Parābhava Sutta | "Downfall" |
| Snp 1.7 | Vasala Sutta | "The Outcast" |
| Snp 1.8 | Metta Sutta | "Loving-Kindness" |
| Snp 1.9 | Hemavata Sutta | "Discourse to Hemvata" |
| Snp 1.10 | Āḷavaka Sutta | "Discourse to Yakkha Alavaka" |
| Snp 1.11 | Vijaya Sutta | "Discourse on Disillusionment of the Body" |
| Snp 1.12 | Muni Sutta | "Discourse on the Sage" |
Cūḷa Vagga ("Bab Kecil")
| No. sutta | Judul bahasa Pali | Judul bahasa Inggris |
|---|---|---|
| Snp 2.1 | Ratana Sutta | "Discourse on Three Treasures" |
| Snp 2.2 | Āmaghanda Sutta | "Carrion" |
| Snp 2.3 | Hiri Sutta | "Discourse on Friendship" |
| Snp 2.4 | Mahāmaṅgala Sutta | "Great Blessing" |
| Snp 2.5 | Sūciloma Sutta | "Discourse on Yakkha Suciloma" |
| Snp 2.6 | Dhammacariya Sutta | "Righteous Conduct" |
| Snp 2.7 | Brāhmaṇadhammika Sutta | "The Tradition of the Brahmins" |
| Snp 2.8 | Nāvā Sutta | "The Boat" |
| Snp 2.9 | Kiṃsīla Sutta | "What Good Behavior?" |
| Snp 2.10 | Uṭṭhāna Sutta | "Arouse Yourselves!" |
| Snp 2.11 | Rāhula Sutta | "Discourse to Rahula" |
| Snp 2.12 | Vaṅgīsa Sutta | "Discourse to Vangisa" |
| Snp 2.13 | Sammāparibbājanīya Sutta | "Proper Wandering" |
| Snp 2.14 | Dhammika Sutta | "Correct Life of the Mendicant" |
Mahā Vagga ("Bab Besar")
| No. sutta | Judul bahasa Pali | Judul bahasa Inggris |
|---|---|---|
| Snp 3.1 | Pabbajjā Sutta | "The Going Forth" |
| Snp 3.2 | Padhāna Sutta | "Striving" |
| Snp 3.3 | Subhāsita Sutta | "Well Spoken" |
| Snp 3.4 | Sundarikabhāradvāja Sutta | "Discourse to Bharadvaja of Sundarika" |
| Snp 3.5 | Māgha Sutta | "Discourse to Magha" |
| Snp 3.6 | Sabhiya Sutta | "Discourse to Sabhiya" |
| Snp 3.7 | Sela Sutta | "Discourse to Sela" |
| Snp 3.8 | Salla Sutta | "The Dart" |
| Snp 3.9 | Vāseṭṭha Sutta | "Discourse to Vasettha" |
| Snp 3.10 | Kokālika Sutta | "Discourse to Slanderer Kokaliya" |
| Snp 3.11 | Nālaka Sutta | "Discourse to Nalaka" |
| Snp 3.12 | Dvayatānupassanā Sutta | "Contemplation of Dyads" |
Aṭṭhaka Vagga "Bab Oktet"
| No. sutta | Judul bahasa Pali | Judul bahasa Inggris |
|---|---|---|
| Snp 4.1 | Kāma Sutta | "Sensual Pleasures" |
| Snp 4.2 | Guhaṭṭhaka Sutta | "The Octad on the Cave" |
| Snp 4.3 | Duṭṭhaṭṭhaka Sutta | "The Octad on the Hostile" |
| Snp 4.4 | Suddhaṭṭhaka Sutta | "The Octad on the Pure" |
| Snp 4.5 | Paramaṭṭhaka Sutta | "The Octad on the Supreme" |
| Snp 4.6 | Jarā Sutta | "Old Age" |
| Snp 4.7 | Tissametteyya Sutta | "Discourse to Tissametteya" |
| Snp 4.8 | Pasūra Sutta | "Discourse to Pasura" |
| Snp 4.9 | Māgandiya Sutta | "Discourse to Magandiya" |
| Snp 4.10 | Purābheda Sutta | "Before the Breakup" |
| Snp 4.11 | Kalahavivāda Sutta | "Quarrels and Disputes" |
| Snp 4.12 | Cūlaviyūha Sutta | "The Smaller Discourse on Deployment" |
| Snp 4.13 | Mahāviyūha Sutta | "The Greater Discourse on Deployment" |
| Snp 4.14 | Tuvaṭaka Sutta | "Quickly" |
| Snp 4.15 | Attadaṇḍa Sutta | "One Who Has Taken Up the Rod" |
| Snp 4.16 | Sāriputta Sutta | "Discourse to Sariputta" |
Pārāyana Vagga ("Bab tentang Tujuan Seberang")
| No. sutta | Judul bahasa Pali | Judul bahasa Inggris |
|---|---|---|
| Prolog | ||
| Snp 5.1 | Ajitamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Ajita" |
| Snp 5.2 | Tissametteyyamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Tissa Metteyya" |
| Snp 5.3 | Puṇṇakamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Puṇṇaka" |
| Snp 5.4 | Mettagūmāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Mettagū" |
| Snp 5.5 | Dhotakamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Dhotaka" |
| Snp 5.6 | Upasīvamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Upasīva" |
| Snp 5.7 | Nandamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Nanda" |
| Snp 5.8 | Hemakamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Hemaka" |
| Snp 5.9 | Todeyyamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Todeyya" |
| Snp 5.10 | Kappamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Kappa" |
| Snp 5.11 | Jatukaṇṇīmāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Jatukaṇṇī" |
| Snp 5.12 | Bhadrāvudhamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Bhadrāvudha" |
| Snp 5.13 | Udayamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Udaya" |
| Snp 5.14 | Posālamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Posāla" |
| Snp 5.15 | Mogharājamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Magharāja" |
| Snp 5.16 | Piṅgiyamāṇavapucchā | "The Questions of Piṅgiya" |
| Epilog |
Terjemahan
suntingBahasa Inggris
sunting- The Silent Sages of Old, Suttas from the Suttanipāta by Ven. Ñāṇadīpa Mahāthera, 2018
- Tr V. Fausbøll, in Sacred Books of the East, volume X, Clarendon/Oxford, 1881; reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi (?and by Dover, New York)
- Buddha’s Teachings being the Sutta-nipāta or Discourse-Collection, tr. Robert Chalmers Delhi, India, Motilal Barnasidass Publishers, 1932 (reprint in 1997), 300 p., ISBN 8120813553.[14]
- Woven cadences of early Buddhists, transl. by E. M. Hare. Sacred Books of the Buddhists vol.15, repr. - London: Oxford University Press, 1947 Internet Archive (PDF 11.4 MB)
- The Group of Discourses, tr K. R. Norman, 1984, Pali Text Society[2], Bristol; the original edition included alternative translations by I. B. Horner & Walpola Rahula; these are currently available in the paperback edition under the title The Rhinoceros Horn and Other Early Buddhist Poems; the current edition under the original title omits these, but includes instead the translator's notes, not included in the paperback
- Tr Saddhatissa, Curzon, London/Humanities Press, New York, 1985
- Tr N. A. Jayawickrama, University of Kelaniya, 2001
- The Discourse Collection Selected Texts from the Sutta Nipata, by John D. Ireland, Access to Insight (BCBS Edition), 2013. Available for free download here
- Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2017). The Suttanipata: An Ancient Collection of the Buddha's Discourses and Its Canonical Commentaries. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 9781614294290.
Bahasa Jerman
sunting- Tr Nyanaponika, Verlag Beyerlein & Steinschulte, D 95236 Stammbach, Germany, 3. Auflage 1996
Lihat juga
sunting- List of all Khuddaka Nikaya suttas
- Atthakavagga and Parayanavagga, widely considered some of the earliest Buddhist texts
- Rhinoceros Sutta, widely considered one of the earliest Buddhist texts
Referensi
suntingSitasi
sunting- ^ When referencing suttas from the Sutta Nipāta the case-sensitive abbreviation "Sn" is used. This is distinguished from the abbreviation "SN" which traditionally refers to the Pali canon's Samyutta Nikaya.
- ^ a b "Buddha's Teachings: Being the Sutta-Nipata or Discourse Collection". Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-04-05.
- ^ Chaturvedi, N (2012). A Historical and Cultural study of the sutta Nipata. Jaipur: Jaipur Publishing House. hlm. 5. ISBN 9788180471094.
- ^ "पालि साहित्य का इतिहास | Hindi Book | Paali Saahity Kaa Itihaas - ePustakalay". epustakalay.com (dalam bahasa Hindi). Diakses tanggal 2023-04-05.
- ^ Winternitz, Maurice. A History of Indian Literature: A history of Indian literature (dalam bahasa Inggris).
- ^ Nakamura, Hajime (2007-01-01). Indian Buddhism: A survey with Bibliographical Notes (dalam bahasa Inggris). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0272-8.
- ^ Nakamura, Indian Buddhism, Japan, 1980; reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1987, 1989, pp. 45-6.
- ^ Bodhi, Sutta-Nipāta - The oldest discourses in the Pali Canon (lectures), http://bodhimonastery.org/sutta-nipata.html
- ^ Norman, KR. The Rhinoceros Horn and Other Early Buddhist Poems (Sutta-Nipata), 1985.
- ^ Hoernle, A. F. Rudolf, The Sutta Nipata in a Sanskrit Version from Eastern Turkestan, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Oct., 1916), pp. 709-732 Published by: Cambridge University Press
- ^ Norman, Kenneth Roy (1983). Pali Literature
(dalam bahasa English). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. hlm. 63-70. ISBN 3-447-02285-X.
- ^ Sutta names, spellings, and translations are taken from Bodhi Bhikku, The Suttanipāta—other translators may have made different choices.
- ^ Where no translation is given, the sutta is named after a person.
- ^ Buddha’s Teachings being the Sutta-nipāta or Discourse-Collection, read online: [1]. Templat:Access-date.
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