Pola Negri
Aktris Polandia
Pola Negri atau born Apolonia Chalupec (3 Januari 1897 – 1 Agustus 1987)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] adalah aktris panggung dan film berkebangsaan Polandia yang meraih ketenaran seluruh dunia semasa film bisu dan era keemasan Hollywood dan film Eropa atas perannya dalam film-film tragedi dan femme fatale.
| Pola Negri | |
|---|---|
 Negri in 1923 | |
| Lahir | Barbara Apolonia Chałupiec 3 Januari 1897 Lipno, Kingdom of Poland |
| Meninggal | 1 Agustus 1987 (umur 90) San Antonio, Texas, U.S. |
| Sebab meninggal | Pneumonia (immediate); brain tumor (secondary) |
| Makam | Calvary Cemetery, Los Angeles |
| Pekerjaan | Actress, singer |
| Tahun aktif | 1914–1964 |
| Suami/istri | Count Eugeniusz Dąmbski
(m. 1919; c. 1922)Prince Serge Mdivani
(m. 1927; c. 1931) |
| Penghargaan | |
         | |
Dia merupakan bintanf film pertama Eropa yang diundang ke Hollywood dan menjadi aktris sangat populer di kancah film bisu Amerika Serikat. Karier lain yang dijalaninya antara lain bekerja sebagai aktris di pertunjukan teater dan vaudeville, sebagai seorang artis rekaman, ballerina, dan penulis.[7][8][9]
Filmografi
In Congress Poland and Regency Kingdom
| Year | Film | Director | Company | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1914 | Niewolnica zmysłów | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | Alternate Titles: Der Sklave der Sinne, Slave of Sin Poland's first feature film (Lost) |
| 1915 | Żona | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: Wife (Lost) |
| 1915 | Czarna książka | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: The Yellow Pass An early version of Der Gelbe Schein (The Yellow Ticket) (Lost) |
| 1916 | Studenci | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: Students (Lost) |
| 1917 | Bestia | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: Beast, Bad Girl; Alternate title The Polish Dancer (US release title) (Survives) |
| 1917 | Tajemnica alei Ujazdowskich | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: Mystery of Uyazdovsky Lane Part of the Tajemnice Warszawy (Mysteries of Warsaw) serial. (Lost) |
| 1917 | Pokój Nr. 13 | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: Room #13 Part of the Tajemnice Warszawy (Mysteries of Warsaw) serial. (Lost) |
| 1917 | Arabella | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | (Partially survives) - a short fragment was used in Polish film O czym się nie mówi (1939).[10] |
| 1917 | Jego ostatni czyn | Aleksander Hertz | Sphinx Company | English title translation: His Last Gesture (Lost) |
Di Jerman (periode film bisu)
| Year | Film | Director | Company | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1917 | Nicht lange täuschte mich das Glück | Kurt Matull? | Saturn-Film AG | Negri plays a dual supporting role as a nun and a cabaret dancer. (Lost) |
| 1917 | Zügelloses Blut | ? | Saturn-Film AG | (Lost) |
| 1917 | Küsse, die man stiehlt im Dunkeln | ? | Saturn-Film AG | (Lost) |
| 1917 | Die toten Augen | ? | Saturn-Film AG | (Lost) |
| 1917 | Wenn das Herz in Haß erglüht | Kurt Matull | Saturn-Film AG | English title translation: When the Heart Burns With Hate This film survives and has been shown at La Cinémathèque Française in Paris, France, and at the Museum of Cinematography in Łodz, Poland. (Survives) |
| 1918 | Rosen, die der Sturm entblättert | ? | Saturn-Film AG | (Lost) |
| 1918 | Mania | Eugen Illés | UFA | Set design by Paul Leni Full title: Mania, Die Geschichte einer Zigarettenarbeiterin (Mania: The Story of a Cigarette Girl). (Survives) |
| 1918 | Die Augen der Mumie Mâ | Ernst Lubitsch | UFA | Co-stars: Harry Liedtke and Emil Jannings Alternate title: The Eyes of the Mummy Ma (U.S. release) First Negri/Lubitsch collaboration (Survives) |
| 1918 | Der gelbe Schein | Victor Janson and Eugen Illés | UFA | Co-stars: Harry Liedtke and Victor Janson Alternate title: The Yellow Ticket (Survives) |
| 1918 | Carmen | Ernst Lubitsch | UFA | Co-star: Harry Liedtke Alternate title: Gypsy Blood (U.S. release) (Survives) |
| 1919 | Das Karussell des Lebens | Georg Jacoby | UFA | Co-star: Harry Liedtke English title translation: The Carousel of Life; Alternate title: The Last Payment (U.S. release) (Lost) |
| 1919 | Vendetta | Georg Jacoby | UFA | Co-stars: Emil Jannings and Harry Liedtke Alternate title: Blutrache (Blood Revenge) (Lost) |
| 1919 | Dämmerung des Todes | Georg Jacoby | UFA | (Lost) |
| 1919 | Kreuziget sie! | Georg Jacoby | UFA | Co-stars: Harry Liedtke and Victor Janson (Lost) |
| 1919 | Madame Dubarry | Ernst Lubitsch | UFA | Co-stars: Emil Jannings and Harry Liedtke Alternate title: Passion (U.S. release) (Survives) |
| 1919 | Komtesse Doddy | Georg Jacoby | UFA | Co-stars: Harry Liedtke and Victor Janson Alternate title: Komtesse Dolly (Survives) |
| 1920 | Die Marchesa d'Arminiani | Alfred Halm | UFA | English title translation: The Marquise of Armiani (Lost) |
| 1920 | Sumurun | Ernst Lubitsch | UFA | Co-stars: Ernst Lubitsch, Paul Wegener, Harry Liedtke, and Jenny Hasselqvist Alternate title: One Arabian night (U.S. release) A film remake of the Max Reinhardt theater production, which also featured Negri and Lubitsch in the same respective roles, this is the only time the two appeared on screen together and is the last time the Lubitsch would appear on-screen as an actor. (Survives) |
| 1920 | Das Martyrium | Paul Ludwig Stein | UFA | (Lost) |
| 1920 | Die geschlossene Kette | Paul Ludwig Stein | UFA | English title translation: The Closed Chain; Alternate title: Intrigue (U.S. release) (Lost) |
| 1920 | Arme Violetta | Paul Ludwig Stein | UFA | (Lost) |
| 1921 | Die Bergkatze | Ernst Lubitsch | UFA | Co-stars: Victor Janson, Paul Heidemann English title translation: The Mountain Cat; Alternate title: The Wildcat A German Expressionist comedy and parody of the Expressionist film genre. (Survives) |
| 1921 | Sappho | Dimitri Buchowetzki | UFA | Co-stars: Alfred Abel and Johannes Riemann Alternate title: Mad Love (U.S. release) (Survives) |
| 1923 | The Flame | Ernst Lubitsch | Ernst Lubitsch Film GmbH | Co-stars: Alfred Abel and Hermann Thimig Alternate title: Montmartre (U.S. Release) Ernst Lubitsch's final German film. (Survives) |
Periode Paramount
| Year | Film | Director | Company | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1923 | Bella Donna | George Fitzmaurice | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Conway Tearle, Conrad Nagel, Adolphe Menjou Remake of the 1915 film Bella Donna starring Pauline Frederick. (Survives; Gosfilmofond) |
| 1923 | The Cheat | George Fitzmaurice | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Jack Holt and Charles de Roche Remake of the 1915 film The Cheat starring Fannie Ward and Sessue Hayakawa. (Lost) |
| 1923 | Hollywood | James Cruze | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Negri plays a cameo role in this film, which features guest appearances from many other Hollywood stars from the period. (Lost) |
| 1923 | The Spanish Dancer | Herbert Brenon | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Antonio Moreno, Wallace Beery and Adolphe Menjou; (Survives) |
| 1924 | Shadows of Paris | Herbert Brenon | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Charles de Roche, Adolphe Menjou, and George O’Brien; (Lost) |
| 1924 | Men | Dimitri Buchowetzki | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | (Lost) |
| 1924 | Lily of the Dust | Dimitri Buchowetzki | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Ben Lyon, Noah Beery, and Raymond Griffith; (Lost) |
| 1924 | Forbidden Paradise | Ernst Lubitsch | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Rod La Rocque, Adolphe Menjou, Pauline Starke, and Clark Gable (in a bit role). Only American Lubitsch/Negri collaboration and their final film together; (Survives) |
| 1925 | East of Suez | Raoul Walsh | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Edmund Lowe and Noah Beery Negri's only film directed by Raoul Walsh; (Lost) |
| 1925 | The Charmer | Sidney Olcott | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | (Lost) |
| 1925 | Flower of Night | Paul Bern | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Warner Oland, Gustav von Seyffertitz; (Lost) |
| 1925 | A Woman of the World | Malcolm St. Clair | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Charles Emmett Mack, Holmes Herbert, Chester Conklin (Survives) |
| 1926 | The Crown of Lies | Dimitri Buchowetzki | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | (Lost) |
| 1926 | Good and Naughty | Malcolm St. Clair | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: Ford Sterling and Miss DuPont (Lost) |
| 1927 | Hotel Imperial | Mauritz Stiller | Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount | Co-stars: James Hall, George Siegmann, and Max Davidson; (Survives) |
| 1927 | Barbed Wire | Rowland V. Lee Mauritz Stiller |
Paramount | Co-stars: Clive Brook, Einar Hanson, and Gustav von Seyffertitz Mauritz Stiller started the film, but was replaced with Rowland V. Lee early on in the film (Survives) |
| 1927 | The Woman on Trial | Mauritz Stiller | Paramount | (Lost; per silentera.com). Fragments survive Museum of Modern Art. |
| 1928 | The Secret Hour | Rowland V. Lee | Paramount | (Lost) |
| 1928 | Three Sinners | Rowland V. Lee | Paramount | Co-stars: Warner Baxter, Paul Lukas, and Olga Baclanova; (Lost) |
| 1928 | Loves of an Actress | Rowland V. Lee | Paramount | Co-stars: Nils Asther and Paul Lukas Silent film with soundtrack; (Lost) |
| 1928 | The Woman from Moscow | Ludwig Berger | Paramount | Co-stars: Norman Kerry, Paul Lukas, and Otto Matiesen Alternate title: Rachel Silent film with soundtrack; (Lost) |
Internasional (periode film bersuara)
| Year | Film | Director | Company | Country | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | The Woman He Scorned | Paul Czinner | Charles Whittaker Productions UK (Distributed By Warners UK) | United Kingdom | Co-stars: Hans Rehmann, Warwick Ward Alternate Titles: The Way of Lost Souls, Street of Abandoned Children Silent film with soundtrack. Negri's final silent film. |
| 1932 | A Woman Commands | Paul L. Stein | RKO | United States | Co-stars: Basil Rathbone, Roland Young, H.B. Warner Alternate title: Maria Draga Negri's first sound film; features the songs “Paradise”, “I Wanna Be Kissed”, “Promise You Will Remember Me”. “Paradise” was a major hit and a went on to become a standard for many years; it was covered by Russ Colombo and Louis Prima, featured in the television show Adventures in Paradise, and used as soundtrack music for other films from the time. |
| 1934 | Fanatisme | Tony Lekain, Gaston Ravel | Pathé | France | Negri's only French film; features her singing three songs |
| 1935 | Mazurka | Willi Forst | Cine-Allianz/Tobis-Klangfilm | Germany | Co-stars: Ingeborg Theek, Paul Hartmann, and Albrecht Schoenhals Features the songs “Je sens en moi”, “Mazurka”, and “Nur eine Stunde”. Remade in 1937 by Warner Brothers as Confession starring Kay Francis and directed by Austrian director Joe May |
| 1936 | Moskau-Shanghai | Paul Wegener | UFA | Germany | Co-star: Gustav Diessl Alternate Titles: Von Moskau nach Shanghai, Der Weg nach Shanghai, Begegnung in Shanghai, Zwischen Moskau und Shanghai Features the song "Mein Herz hat Heimweh..." |
| 1937 | Madame Bovary | Gerhard Lamprecht | UFA | Germany | Negri's only German sound film to be shown in the United States. |
| 1937 | Tango notturno | Fritz Kirchhoff | UFA | Germany | Co-star: Albrecht Schoenhals Features the songs "Ich hab an Dich Gedacht" and "Kommt das Glück nicht heut'? Dann kommt es morgen" |
| 1938 | Die fromme Lüge | Nunzio Malasomma | UFA | Germany | Co-star: Hermann Braun |
| 1938 | Die Nacht der Entscheidung | Nunzio Malasomma | UFA | Germany | Co-star: Iván Petrovich Features the songs "Siehst Du die Sterne am Himmel" and "Zeig' der Welt nicht Dein Herz" |
Film terakhir (Amerika Serikat)
| Year | Film | Director | Company | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1943 | Hi Diddle Diddle | Andrew L. Stone | Andrew L. Stone Productions (Distributed by United Artists) | Co-stars: Adolphe Menjou, Martha Scott, Billie Burke, Dennis O'Keefe, June Havoc |
| 1964 | The Moon-Spinners | James Neilson | Walt Disney Productions | Co-stars: Hayley Mills, Eli Wallach |
Diskografi
| Matrix No. | Single No. | Label | Song Title | Time and Place of Recording | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OB-641 | HMV EK-114 | His Master's Voice | V chas toski (The Hour of Longing) | Small Queen's Hall, London, 12 March 1931. | Accompanied by Boris Golovka and two others on guitar, with chorus. |
| OB-642 | HMV EK-114 | His Master's Voice | Chto nam gore? (Why Are You Sorry?) | same | same |
| OB-643 | (Not Released) | His Master's Voice | Yescho raz (Once again) | same | same |
| OB-647 | HMV B-3820 | His Master's Voice | Ochy Tchornye (Dark Eyes) | Small Queen's Hall, London, 13 March 1931. | same |
| OB-648 | HMV EK-115 | His Master's Voice | Why Fall in Love? | same | same |
| OB-649 | HMV B-3820 | His Master's Voice | Adieu (Farewell, My Gypsy Camp) | same | same |
| OB-650 | HMV EK-114 | His Master's Voice | Dwe gitary (Two Guitars aka "Gypsy, Sing!") | same | same; dedicated to Pola Negri by Boris Golovka. |
| P 76523 | AP 989 | Ultraphone | Mes Nuits sont Mortes | Paris, July 1933. | |
| P 76524 | AP 989 | Ultraphone | Paradis | Paris, July 1933. | French-language version of "Paradise"; A-side of single AP 989 |
| P Be 10937-3 | 0–4723 | Odéon | Je sens en moi | Berlin, 8 April 1935. | Song from the film Mazurka (1935); orchestra arr. by Peter Kreuder. |
| P Be 10938-3 | 0–4723 | Odéon | Nur eine Stunde | Berlin, 8 April 1935. | Song from the film Mazurka (1935); orchestra arr. by Peter Kreuder. |
| 128338 | R 2271 | Parlophone | For That One Hour of Passion | Berlin, c. early 1936. | English-language version of "Nur eine Stunde." Original version from the film Mazurka. |
| 128337 | R 2271 | Parlophone | Stay Close to Me | Berlin, c. early 1936. | English-language version of "Je sans en moi." Original version from the film Mazurka. |
| P Be 11241 | 0–4736 | Odéon | Vergiss deine Sehnsucht | Berlin, 17 March 1936. | Orchestra arranged by W. Schmidt-Boelcke. |
| P Be 11242 | 0–4736 | Odéon | Wenn die Sonne hinter den Dächern versinkt | Berlin, 17 March 1936. | Orchestra arranged by W. Schmidt-Boelcke. |
| P Be 11432-2 | 0–4742 | Odéon | Mein Herz hat Heimweh... | Berlin, 2 September 1936. | Song from the film Moskau-Shanghai (1936). Orchestra arranged by Hans-Otto Borgmann. |
| P Be 11433 | 0–4742 | Odéon | Ich möchte einmal nur mein ganzes Herz verschwenden | Berlin, 2 September 1936. | Orchestra arranged by Hans-Otto Borgmann. |
| P Be 11891 | 0–4765 | Odéon | Ich hab an Dich gedacht | Berlin, 15 December 1937. | Song from the film Tango Notturno (1937). Orchestra arranged by Hans-Otto Borgmann. |
| P Be 11892 | 0–4765 | Odéon | Kommt das Glück nicht heut'? Dann kommt es morgen | Berlin, 15 December 1937. | Song from the film Tango Notturno (1937). Orchestra arranged by Hans-Otto Borgmann. |
| P Be 12171 | 0 288233 | Odéon | Zeig der Welt nicht Dein Herz | Berlin, 30 December 1938. | Song from the film Die Nacht der Entscheidung (1938). Orchestra arranged by Lothar Bruhne. |
| P Be 12172 | 0 288233 | Odéon | Siehst Du die Sterne | Berlin, 30 December 1938. | Song from the film Die Nacht der Entscheidung (1938). Orchestra arranged by Lothar Bruhne. |
Catatan
- ^ "Pola Negri's birth certificate from 1978". Diakses tanggal 28 August 2016.
- ^ "Pola Negri's birth certificate from 1960". Diakses tanggal 28 August 2016.
- ^ Pola Negri's original surname was Chalupec or - according to Polish alphabet's rules - Chałupec. Some sources use polonized form Chałupiec, which doesn't exist in any official documents concerning Pola Negri.
- ^ Kotowski, Mariusz. Pola Negri: Life is a Dream in Cinema, Bright Shining City Productions (2006), DVD
- ^ Martin Votruba (12 April 2013). "Pola Negri". Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh. Diakses tanggal 22 January 2015.
The exact spelling of her and her parents' names is complicated by the mandated use of Russian in government records in that part of [partitioned] Poland, when she was born. For instance, her father's last name is recorded as Халупец at the Lipno Office of Vital Records, which can be rendered in Polish as Chalupec, Chałupec, Chalupiec, or Chałupiec.
- ^ Some sources cite 31 December 1896 as Negri's date of birth but the four-day discrepancy is due to the change in styling from the Julian calendar (OS) of Imperial Russia to the Gregorian calendar (NS) in Poland, per biographer Mariusz Kotowski, who uses the 3 January 1897 date in his biography of her life. Negri herself used both dates on different documents, including United States immigration and naturalization paperwork, but liked to use the 31 December date and to state that she was born on the last day of the 19th century, which is why some documents, including Social Security, cite 31 December 1899, as does her crypt (see here), indicating that Negri had made herself three years younger.
- ^ a b Kotowski, Mariusz. Pola Negri: Hollywood's First Femme Fatale, University Press of Kentucky (24 March 2014); ISBN 978-0-8131-4488-7
- ^ Rust, Brian A., and Allen G. Debus. The complete entertainment discography, from the mid-1890s to 1942. Arlington House, 1973, p. 499.
- ^ Unknown author, liner notes of Pola Negri and Rudolph Valentino CD. Chansophone [France], 1995, pp. 2,3.
- ^ (1939) O czym się nie mówi 04/10 di YouTube
Referensi
- Barry, Iris. Let's Go to the Movies. Payson & Clarke, Ltd., 1926.
- Basinger, Jeanine. Silent Stars. Alfred a Knoff, 2000.
- Botham, Noel, and Peter Donnelly. Valentino: The Love God. Everest Books, Ltd., 1976.
- Cawthorne, Nigel. Sex Lives of the Hollywood Idols. Prion Books, Ltd., 1997.
- Chaplin, Charles. My Trip Abroad. Harper & Brothers, 1921.
- Clarke, David. Location: Cornwall. Bossiney Books, 1990.
- Delgado, Sergio. Pola Negri: Temptress of Silent Hollywood. McFarland, 2016.
- Endres, Stacey, and Robert Cushman. Hollywood At Your Feet: The Story of the World-Famous Chinese Theatre. Pomegranate Press, 1992.
- Everson, William K. American Silent Film. Da Capo Press, 1998.
- Eyman, Scott. Ernst Lubitsch: Laughter in Paradise. Simon & Schuster, 1993.
- Guiles, Fred Lawrence. Marion Davies. McGraw-Hill, 1972.
- Hake, Sabine. Passions And Deceptions: The Early Films of Ernest Lubitsch. Princeton University Press, 1992.
- Keylin, Arleen, and Suri Fleischer. Hollywood Album. Arno Press, 1977.
- Lamparski, Richard. Whatever Became Of? Crown Publishers, Inc., 1967.
- Lanza, Joseph and Dennis Penna. Russ Columbo and the Crooner Mystique. Feral House, 2002.
- Leider, Emily W. Dark Lover: The Life and Death of Rudolph Valentino. Farrar Straus and Giroux, 2003.
- Oberfirst, Robert. Rudolph Valentino: The Man Behind The Myth. The Citadel Press, 1962.
- Parish, James Robert. The Hollywood Scandals. McGraw-Hill, 2004.
- Swanson, Gloria. Swanson On Swanson. Random House, 1980.
- Villecco, Tony. Silent Stars Speak. McFarland & Company, Inc., 2001.
- Zumaya, Evelyn, Affairs Valentino. The Rudolph Valentino Society and Publishing LLC, 2011. ISBN 978-0-9827709-5-5
- (Polish/German) Legenda Kina: Pola Negri: Eine Kinilegende Muzeum Kinematografii w Lodzi, 2007.
- (Polish/English) Legenda Kina: Pola Negri: A Cinema Legend Muzeum Kinematografii w Lodzi, 2008.
- (Polish) Czapińska, Wiesława (1996). Pola Negri – polska królowa Hollywood. Warsaw: Philip Wilson. hlm. 129. ISBN 83-85840-78-8.
- (Polish) Nowakowski, Jerzy. "Boska Pola i inni" wyd. TO MY, Warszawa, 2005
- (Polish) Kotowski, Mariusz. Pola Negri: Legenda Hollywood. Proszynski Media, 2011.
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Pola Negri.
- The Pola Negri Appreciation Site, polanegri.com; accessed 17 May 2014.
- Polanegri.pl – Pola Negri Film Festival website; accessed 17 May 2014. (Polandia)
- Tobacco cards, film.virtual-history.com; accessed 17 May 2014.
- Pola Negri profile, Culture.pl; accessed 25 November 2014. (Polandia)