Buddhisme Helenistik

Greko-Buddhisme, atau Graeko-Buddhisme, adalah sinkretisme kebudayaan antara budaya Helenistik dan Buddhisme, yang berkembang antara abad ke-4 Masehi dan abad ke-5 Masehi di Baktria dan anak benua India. Sinkretisme ini merupakan konsekuensi budaya dari rantai panjang interaksi yang dimulai oleh serangan Yunani ke India sejak masa Aleksander Agung. Para satrap Makedonia kemudian ditaklukkan oleh Kekaisaran Maurya, di bawah pemerintahan Chandragupta Maurya. Kaisar Asoka Maurya berpindah keyakinan ke Buddhisme dan menyebarkan filosofi agama tersebut di seluruh wilayah kekuasaannya, seperti yang tercatat dalam Dekrit-dekrit Asoka. Setelah runtuhnya Kekaisaran Maurya, Greko-Buddhisme terus berkembang di bawah Kerajaan Yunani-Baktria, Kerajaan India-Yunani, dan Kekaisaran Kushan. Agama Buddha diterima di Asia Tengah dan Timur Laut sejak abad ke-1 M, akhirnya menyebar ke Tiongkok, Korea, Jepang, Siberia, dan Vietnam.

Buddha Gautama dalam gaya Greko-Buddhis, abad ke-1 hingga ke-2 Masehi, Gandhara (Afghanistan timur saat ini).

Lihat juga

• Kerajaan Yunani-Baktria
• Buddhisme Gandhara
• Kerajaan India-Yunani
• Seni Buddha-Yunani
• Agama-agama India-Yunani
• Patung Buddha Bamiyan
• Kekaisaran Kushan
• Mathura
• Pyrrho

Referensi

• Vassiliades, Demetrios Th. 2016. Greeks and Buddhism. Athens, Indo-Hellenic Society for Culture & Development ELINEPA.
• Alexander the Great: East-West Cultural Contacts from Greece to Japan. Tokyo: NHK Puromōshon and Tokyo National Museum, 2003.
• Baums, Stefan. 2012. “Catalog and Revised Texts and Translations of Gandharan Reliquary Inscriptions.” In: David Jongeward, Elizabeth Errington, Richard Salomon and Stefan Baums, Gandharan Buddhist Reliquaries, p. 204, Seattle: Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project (Gandharan Studies, Volume 1).
• Baums, Stefan, and Andrew Glass. 2002– . Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts, no. CKI 32
• Jerry H. Bentley. Old World Encounters: Cross-cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-modern Times. Oxford–NY: Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-19-507639-7
• John Boardman. The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-691-03680-2
• Shravasti Dhammika, trans. The Edicts of King Asoka: An English Rendering. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1993. ISBN 955-24-0104-6
• Richard Foltz. Religions of the Silk Road, 2nd edition, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010 ISBN 978-0-230-62125-1
• Georgios T. Halkias, “When the Greeks Converted the Buddha: Asymmetrical Transfers of Knowledge in Indo-Greek Cultures”, in Trade and Religions: Religious Formation, Transformation and Cross-Cultural Exchange between East and West, ed. Volker Rabens. Leiden: Brill, 2013, p. 65–115.
• Robert Linssen. Living Zen. NY: Grove Press, 1958. ISBN 0-8021-3136-0
• Lowenstein, Tom (1996). The vision of the Buddha. Duncan Baird Publishers. ISBN 1-903296-91-9. 
• Thomas McEvilley. The Shape of Ancient Thought: Comparative Studies in Greek and Indian Philosophies. NY: Allworth Press and the School of Visual Arts, 2002. ISBN 1-58115-203-5
• William Woodthorpe Tarn. The Greeks in Bactria and India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951, ISBN 81-215-0220-9
• Marian Wenzel. Echoes of Alexander the Great: Silk Route Portraits from Gandhara, foreword by the Dalai Lama. Eklisa Anstalt, 2000. ISBN 1-58886-014-0
• Paul Williams. Mahāyāna Buddhism: the Doctrinal Foundations. London–NY: Routledge, 1989. ISBN 0-415-02537-0

Pranala luar

• UNESCO: Threatened Greco-Buddhist art
• Alexander the Great: East-West Cultural contacts from Greece to Japan (Japanese)
• The Hellenistic age
• The Kanishka Buddhist coins
• Interim period: Mathura as the Vaishnava-Buddhist seat of culture and learning