Yahwe
istilah ketuhanan dalam bahasa Ibrani
Yahwe[2] (bahasa Ibrani: יהוה, translit. yhw, Yehuwa)[3] adalah istilah atau nama ilahiah dalam Yahudi, meskipun Yahwe tidak pernah disembah secara eksklusif oleh bangsa Israel.[4] Namanya mungkin dimulai sebagai julukan kepada El, Dewa tertinggi dalam Panteon Kanaan,[5] Referensi terawal yang menyebut nama Yahweh didapat dari catatan Mesir Kuno yang menempatkannya sebagai sesembahan di antara kaum nomad di kawasan selatan Transjordan.[6] Dalam literatur alkitab tertua, dia digambarkan sebagai "prajurit ilahi" yang memimpin tentara surgawi melawan semua musuh Israel;[7] ia kemudian menjadi pemimpin utama dari kerajaan Samaria dan Yehuda,[8] dan dalam kurun waktu tertentu, kerajaan menyatakan bahwa Yahweh sebagai pencipta seluruh alam semesta dan memiliki keilahian yang tak dapat disangkal.[9][10] Pada masa akhir pembuangan ke Babilonia (abad ke-6 SM), keberadaan ilah-ilah lain disangkal, dan Yahweh dicanangkan sebagai pencipta alam semesta, sebagai Tuhan satu-satunya yang menjadi pemilik sejati seluruh alam semesta.[10]
| Bagian dari serial tentang |
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Referensi
Catatan kaki
- ^ Edelman 1995, hlm. 190Yahweh.
- ^ "Cari "Yahwe" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)". Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
- ^ "Cari "Yehuwa" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)". Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
- ^ Miller 1986, hlm. 110.
- ^ Dijkstra 2001, hlm. 92.
- ^ Dever 2003b, hlm. 128.
- ^ Hackett 2001, hlm. 158–159.
- ^ Smith 2002, hlm. 72.
- ^ Wyatt 2010, hlm. 69–70.
- ^ a b Betz 2000, hlm. 917.
Daftar Pustaka
- Ackerman, Susan (2003). "Goddesses". Dalam Richard, Suzanne. Near Eastern Archaeology:A Reader. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-083-5.
- Ahlstrom, Gosta W. (1991). "The Role of Archaeological and Literary Remains in Reconstructing Israel's History". Dalam Edelman, Diana Vikander. The Fabric of History: Text, Artifact and Israel's Past. A&C Black.
- Albertz, Rainer (1994). A History of Israelite Religion, Volume I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy. Westminster John Knox.
- Allen, Spencer L. (2015). The Splintered Divine: A Study of Istar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East. Walter de Gruyter.
- Becking, Bob (2001). "The Gods in Whom They Trusted". Dalam Becking, Bob. Only One God?: Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah. A&C Black.
- Bennett, Harold V. (2002). Injustice Made Legal: Deuteronomic Law and the Plight of Widows, Strangers, and Orphans in Ancient Israel. Eerdmans.
- Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000). "Monotheism". Dalam Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9053565035.
- Cohen, Shaye J.D. (1999). "The Temple and the Synagogue". Dalam Finkelstein, Louis; Davies, W. D.; Horbury, William. The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 3, The Early Roman Period. Cambridge University Press.
- Cohn, Norman (2001). Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith. Yale University Press.
- Collins, John J. (2005). The Bible After Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age. Eerdmans.
- Coogan, Michael D.; Smith, Mark S. (2012). Stories from Ancient Canaan (2nd Edition). Presbyterian Publishing Corp. ISBN 9053565035.
- Cook, Stephen L. (2004). The Social Roots of Biblical Yahwism. Society of Biblical Literature.
- Darby, Erin (2014). Interpreting Judean Pillar Figurines: Gender and Empire in Judean Apotropaic Ritual. Mohr Siebeck.
- Davies, Philip R.; Rogerson, John (2005). The Old Testament World. Westminster John Knox.
- Davies, Philip R. (2010). "Urban Religion and Rural Religion". Dalam Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John. Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. Continuum International Publishing Group.
- Day, John (2002). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Continuum.
- Dever, William G. (2003a). "Religion and Cult in the Levant". Dalam Richard, Suzanne. Near Eastern Archaeology:A Reader. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-083-5.
- Dever, William G. (2003b). Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From. Eerdmans.
- Dever, William G. (2005). Did God Have A Wife?: Archaeology And Folk Religion In Ancient Israel. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2852-1.
- Dijkstra, Meindert (2001). "El the God of Israel-Israel the People of YHWH: On the Origins of Ancient Israelite Yahwism". Dalam Becking, Bob; Dijkstra, Meindert; Korpel, Marjo C.A.; Vriezen, Karel J.H. Only One God?: Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah. A&C Black.
- Edelman, Diana V. (1995). "Tracking Observance of the Aniconic Tradition". Dalam Edelman, Diana Vikander. The Triumph of Elohim: From Yahwisms to Judaisms. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9053565035.
- Elior, Rachel (2006). "Early Forms of Jewish Mysticism". Dalam Katz, Steven T. The Cambridge History of Judaism: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period. Cambridge University Press.
- Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts. Simon and Schuster.
- Frerichs, Ernest S. (1998). The Bible and Bibles in America. Scholars Press.
- Gnuse, Robert Karl (1997). No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel. Continuum.
- Gorman, Frank H., Jr. (2000). "Feasts, Festivals". Dalam Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-1-57506-083-5.
- Gnuse, Robert (1999). "The Emergence of Monotheism in Ancient Israel: A Survey of Recent Scholarship". Religion. 29: 315–336.
- Grabbe, Lester (2010). "'Many nations will be joined to YHWH in that day': The question of YHWH outside Judah". Dalam Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John. Religious diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-567-03216-4.
- Grabbe, Lester (2007). Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?. A&C Black.
- Hackett, Jo Ann (2001). "'There Was No King In Israel': The Era of the Judges". Dalam Coogan, Michael David. The Oxford History of the Biblical World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513937-2.
- Halpern, Baruch; Adams, Matthew J. (2009). From Gods to God: The Dynamics of Iron Age Cosmologies. Mohr Siebeck.
- Handy, Lowell K. (1995). Among the Host of Heaven: The Syro-Palestinian Pantheon as Bureaucracy. Eisenbrauns.
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- Smith, Mark S. (2003). "Astral Religion and the Divinity". Dalam Noegel, Scott; Walker, Joel. Prayer, Magic, and the Stars in the Ancient and Late Antique World. Penn State Press.
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