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{{{below}}} See alternate navbox formats under: Layout of table
The navbox uses lowercase parameter names, as shown in the box (at right). The mandatory name and title will create a one-line box if other parameters are omitted.
Notice "group1" (etc.) is optional, as are sections named "above/below".
The basic and most common parameters are as follows (see below for the full list):
name - the name of the template.
title - text in the title bar, such as: [[Widget stuff]].
state - autocollapse, uncollapsed, collapsed: the status of box expansion, where "autocollapse" hides stacked navboxes automatically.
titlestyle - a CSS style for the title-bar, such as: background:gray;
groupstyle - a CSS style for the group-cells, such as: background:#eee;
image - an optional right-side image (coded as the whole image tag: [[Image:XX.jpg|90px]] ).
imageleft - an optional left-side image (code the same was as the "image" parameter).
above - text to appear above the group/list section (could be a list of overall wikilinks).
groupn - the left-side text before list-n (if group-n omitted, list-n starts at left of box).
listn - text listing wikilinks, often separated by middot templates, such as: [[A]]{{·}} [[B]]
below - optional text to appear below the group/list section.
Further details, and complex restrictions, are explained below under section Parameter descriptions. See some alternate navbox formats under: Layout of table.
The following is a complete list of parameters for using {{Navbox}}. In most cases, the only required parameters are name, title, and list1, though child navboxes do not even require those to be set.
{{Navbox}} shares numerous common parameter names as its sister templates {{Navbox with columns}} and {{Navbox with collapsible groups}} for consistency and ease of use. Parameters marked with a cross† are common to all three master templates.
The name of the template, which is needed for the "v · d · e" ("view · discuss · edit") links to work properly on all pages where the template is used. You can enter {{subst:PAGENAME}} for this value as a shortcut. The name parameter is only mandatory if a title is specified, and the border parameter is not set.
Defaults to autocollapse. A navbox with autocollapse will start out collapsed if there are two or more tables on the same page that use other collapsible tables. Otherwise, the navbox will be expanded. For the technically minded, see MediaWiki:Common.js.
If set to collapsed, the navbox will always start out in a collapsed state.
If set to plain, the navbox will always be expanded with no [hide] link on the right, and the title will remain centered (by using padding to offset the v • d • e links).
If set to off, the navbox will always be expanded with no [hide] link on the right, but no padding will be used to keep the title centered. This is for advanced use only; the "plain" option should suffice for most applications where the [show]/[hide] button needs to be hidden.
If set to anything other than autocollapse, collapsed, plain, or off (such as "uncollapsed"), the navbox will always start out in an expanded state, but have the "hide" button.
To show the box when standalone (non-included) but then auto-hide contents when in an article, put "uncollapsed" inside <noinclude> tags:
state = <noinclude>uncollapsed</noinclude>
That setting will force the box visible when standalone (even when followed by other boxes), displaying "[hide]" but then auto-collapse the box when stacked inside an article.
Often times, editors will want a default initial state for a navbox, which may be overridden in an article. Here is the trick to do this:
In your intermediate template, create a parameter also named "state" as a pass-through like this:
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|your_desired_initial_state</includeonly>}}}
The <includeonly>| will make the template expanded when viewing the template page by itself.
Example: {{peso}} with autocollapse as the default initial state. Bolivian peso transcludes it and has only one navbox. So the peso navbox shows. Chilean peso has two navboxes. So the peso navbox collapses.
Example: {{Historical currencies of Hungary}} with expanded as the default initial state. All transcluding articles shows the content by default, unless there were an hypothetical article that specifies state = collapsed when transcluding.
navbar†
Defaults to Tnavbar. If set to plain, the v • d • e links on the left side of the titlebar will not be displayed, and padding will be automatically used to keep the title centered. Use off to remove the v • d • e links, but not apply padding (this is for advanced use only; the "plain" option should suffice for most applications where a navbar is not desired). Note that it is highly recommended that one does not hide the navbar, in order to make it easier for users to edit the template, and to keep a standard style across pages.
border†
See section below on using navboxes within one another for examples and a more complete description. If set to child or subgroup, then the navbox can be used as a borderless child that fits snuggly in another navbox. The border is hidden and there is no padding on the sides of the table, so it fits into the list area of its parent navbox. If set to none, then the border is hidden and padding is removed, and the navbox may be used as a child of another container (do not use the none option inside of another navbox; similarly, only use the child/subgroup option inside of another navbox). If set to anything else (default), then a regular navbox is displayed with a 1px border. An alternate way to specify the border to be a subgroup style is like this (i.e. use the first unnamed parameter instead of the named border parameter):
Text that appears centered in the top row of the table. It is usually the template's topic, i.e. a succinct description of the body contents. This should be a single line, but if a second line is needed, use {{-}} to ensure proper centering. This parameter is technically not mandatory, but using {{Navbox}} is rather pointless without a title.
groupn†
(i.e. group1, group2, etc.) If specified, text appears in a header cell displayed to the left of listn. If omitted, listn uses the full width of the table.
listn†
(i.e. list1, list2, etc.) The body of the template, usually a list of links. Format is inline, although the text can be entered on separate lines if the entire list is enclosed within <div> </div>. At least one list parameter is required; each additional list is displayed in a separate row of the table. Each listn may be preceded by a corresponding groupn parameter, if provided (see below).
image†
An image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the right of the body (the groups/lists). For the image to display properly, the list1 parameter must be specified. The image parameter accepts standard wikicode for displaying an image, i.e.
image = [[Image:Example.jpg|100px]]
imageleft†
An image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the left of the body (lists). For the image to display properly, the list1 parameter must be specified and no groups can be specified. The imageleft parameter accepts standard wikicode for displaying an image, i.e.
imageleft = [[Image:Example.jpg|100px]]
above†
A full-width cell displayed between the titlebar and first group/list, i.e. above the template's body (groups, lists and image). In a template without an image, above behaves in the same way as the list1 parameter without the group1 parameter.
below†
A full-width cell displayed below the template's body (groups, lists and image). In a template without an image, below behaves in the same way as the template's final listn parameter without a groupn parameter. For an example of the below parameter in use, see {{Lists of the provinces and territories of Canada}}.
Styles are generally not recommended as to maintain consistency among templates and pages in Wikipedia. However, the option to modify styles is given.
style†
Specifies CSS styles to apply to the template body. The parameter bodystyle also does the example same thing and can be used in place of this style parameter. This option should be used sparingly as it can lead to visual inconsistencies. Examples:
style = background:#nnnnnn;
style = width:N [em/%/px or width:auto];
style = float:[left/right/none];
style = clear:[right/left/both/none];
basestyle†
CSS styles to apply to the title, above, below, and group cells all at once. The style are not applied to list cells. This is convenient for easily changing the basic color of the navbox without having to repeat the style specifications for the different parts of the navbox. Examples:
basestyle = background:lightskyblue;
titlestyle†
CSS styles to apply to title, most often the titlebar's background color:
titlestyle = background:#nnnnnn;
titlestyle = background:name;
groupstyle†
CSS styles to apply to the groupN cells. This option overrides any styles that are applied to the entire table. Examples:
groupstyle = background:#nnnnnn;
groupstyle = text-align:[left/center/right];
groupstyle = vertical-align:[top/middle/bottom];
groupnstyle†
CSS styles to apply to a specific group, in addition to any styles specified by the groupstyle parameter. This parameter should only be used when absolutely necessary in order to maintain standardization and simplicity. Examples:
group3style = background:red;color:white;
liststyle†
CSS styles to apply to all lists. Overruled by the oddstyle and evenstyle parameters (if specified) below.
listnstyle†
CSS styles to apply to a specific group, in addition to any styles specified by the groupstyle parameter. This parameter should only be used when absolutely necessary in order to maintain standardization and simplicity. Examples:
list5style = background:#ddddff;
listpadding†
A number and unit specifying the padding in each list cell. The list cells come equipped with a default padding of 0.25em on the left and right, and 0em on the top and bottom. Due to complex technical reasons, simply setting "liststyle=padding:0.5em;" (or any other padding setting) will not work. Examples:
listpadding = 0.5em 0em; (sets 0.5em padding for the left/right, and 0em padding for the top/bottom.)
listpadding = 0em; (removes all list padding.)
oddstyle
evenstyle
Applies to odd/even list numbers. Overrules styles defined by liststyle. The default behavior is to add striped colors (white and gray) to odd/even rows, respectively, in order to improve readability. These should not be changed except in extraordinary circumstances.
evenodd[swap, even, odd, off]
If set to swap, then the automatic striping of even and odd rows is reversed. Normally, even rows get a light gray background for striping; when this parameter is used, the odd rows receive the gray striping instead of the even rows. Setting to even or odd sets all rows to have that striping color. Setting to off disables automatic row striping. This advanced parameter should only be used to fix problems when the navbox is being used as a child of another navbox and the stripes do not match up. Examples and a further description can be found in the section on child navboxes below.
abovestyle†
belowstyle†
CSS styles to apply to the top cell (specified via the above parameter) and bottom cell (specified via the below parameter). Typically used to set background color or text alignment:
abovestyle = background:#nnnnnn;
abovestyle = text-align:[left/center/right];
imagestyle†
imageleftstyle†
CSS styles to apply to the cells where the image/imageleft sits. These styles should only be used in exceptional circumstances, usually to fix width problems if the width of groups is set and the width of the image cell grows too large. Examples:
The style settings listed here are those that editors using the navbox change most often. The other more complex style settings were left out of this list to keep it simple. Most styles are set in MediaWiki:Common.css.
Since liststyle and oddstyle are transparent odd lists have the color of the bodystyle, which defaults to #fdfdfd (white with a hint of gray). A list has text-align:left; if it has a group, if not it has text-align:center;. Since only bodystyle has a vertical-align all the others inherit its vertical-align:middle;.
This puts a group in the title area, with the same default styles as groupn. It should be used only in exceptional circumstances (usually advanced meta-templates) and its use requires some knowledge of the internal code of {{Navbox}}; you should be ready to manually set up CSS styles to get everything to work properly if you wish to use it. If you think you have an application for this parameter, it might be best to change your mind, or consult the talk page first.
titlegroupstyle
The styles for the titlegroup cell.
innerstyle
A very advanced parameter to be used only for advanced meta-templates employing the navbox. Internally, the navbox uses an outer table to draw the border, and then an inner table for everything else (title/above/groups/lists/below/images, etc.). The style/bodystyle parameter sets the style for the outer table, which the inner table inherits, but in advanced cases (meta-templates) it may be necessary to directly set the style for the inner table. This parameter provides access to that inner table so styles can be applied. Use at your own risk.
{{Navbox
|name = Navbox/doc
|title = [[Multimedia Super Corridor|MSC (Multimedia Super Corridor) Malaysia]]
|image = [[Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg|80px]]
|list1 = [[Petronas Twin Towers]]{{·}} [[Kuala Lumpur Tower]]{{·}} [[Kuala Lumpur Sentral]]{{·}} [[Technology Park Malaysia]]{{·}} [[Putrajaya]]{{·}} [[Cyberjaya]]{{·}} [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]]
}}
It is possible to place multiple navboxes within a single border with the use of the border parameter, or by specifying the first parameter to be "child". The basic code for doing this is as follows (which adds a subgroup for the first group/list area):
This example shows how subgroups can be used. It is recommended that one uses {{Navbox subgroup}}, but the same result can be reached by using {{Navbox}} with border = child or the first unnamed parameter set to child. Note that the evenodd parameter is used to reverse striping in some of the subgroups in order to get all of the stripes to line up properly. If you wish to remove the striping altogether, you can set liststyle = background:transparent; in each of the navboxes.
The example below is generated using a regular navbox for the main container, then its list1, list2, and list3 parameters each contain another navbox, with border = child set. Note that each of the child navboxes has its own VDE navbar; these could be hidden using navbar = plain for each of them, or by just leaving out the name parameter (child navboxes do not require the name parameter to be set, unlike regular navboxes).
This navbox template is specifically designed to work in conjunction two other sister templates: {{Navbox with columns}} and {{Navbox with collapsible groups}}. All three of these templates share common parameters for consistency and ease of use (such parameters are marked with a † in the complete parameter list above). Most importantly, all three of these templates can each be used as children of one another (by using the border = child parameter, or by specifying the first unnamed parameter to be child (i.e. use {{Navbox|child, {{Navbox with columns|child, or {{Navbox with collapsible groups|child). For examples on how this is done, see the page on advanced navbox examples.
This template uses CSS classes for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable.
Internally this meta template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use parser functions and special characters in parameters.
The 2px wide border between groups and lists is drawn using the border-left property of the list cell. Thus, if you wish to change the background color of the template (for example bodystyle = background:purple;), then you'll need to make the border-left-color match the background color (i.e. liststyle = border-left-color:purple;). If you wish to have a border around each list cell, then the 2px border between the list cells and group cells will disappear; you'll have to come up with your own solution.
The list cell width is initially set to 100%. Thus, if you wish to manually set the width of group cells, you'll need to also specify the liststyle to have width:auto. If you wish to set the group width and use images, it's up to you to figure out the CSS in the groupstyle, liststyle, imagestyle, and imageleftstyle parameters to get everything to work correctly. Example of setting group width:
groupstyle = width:10em;
liststyle = width:auto;
Adjacent navboxes have only a 1 pixel border between them (except in IE6, which doesn't support the necessary CSS). If you set the top or bottom margin of style/bodystyle, then this will not work.
The default margin-left and margin-right of the outer navbox table are set to "auto;". If you wish to use navbox as a float, you need to manually set the margin-left and margin-right values, because the auto margins interfere with the float option. For example, add the following code to use the navbox as a float:
Wikipedia:Line break handling – The how-to guide about how to handle word wraps (line breaks) on Wikipedia, such as the wrapping of the link lists used in navboxes.
{{Nowrap begin}} – The recommended format for adding bullets, pipes, or dashes between list items. The page describes how to go about using them with proper wrapping.
{{Nobold}} – To display text at normal font-weight within a context where the default font-weight is bold, e.g. header cells in tables.
{{·}} and {{•}} – The dot and bullet commonly used to separate items in Navbox lists.
{{Navbox with columns
|name = {{subst:PAGENAME}}
|title =
|colwidth = <!--(to set a default width for each column,
preferably in a proportional unit such as 'em'*)-->
|col1 =
|col2 =
}}
* See Em (typography). Using proportional units means the template should still be displayed correctly across a range of browser font-sizes. If colwidth not specified, a default 10em is used.
Required parameters in bold. Parameters marked with a cross† are parameters in common with the sister templates {{Navbox}} and {{Navbox with collapsible groups}}. A much more complete description of those parameters is available at {{Navbox}}.
The name of the template. The name of this template, for example, is "Navbox with columns".
state†
Possible values are collapsed, uncollapsed, plain, off, and the default autocollapse. See {{Navbox}} for more information.
navbar†
Possible values are plain, off, and the default value of blank. See {{Navbox}} for more information.
border†
Possible values are child, none, and the default value of blank. Set to child if you wish to use the navbox inside of another navbox; with this option, the child navbox is borderless and fits snuggly inside of its parent navbox. The parent navbox may be the list area of {{Navbox}}, a columns of another {{Navbox with columns}}, or a section of {{Navbox with collapsible groups}}. See {{Navbox}} for more information and examples.
Width, preferably in a proportional unit such as 'em', or as a percentage, used for each column whose width not specified by colNwidth below. Defaults to 10em. Examples:
colwidth = 15em
colwidth = 25%
fullwidth
If set to anything, then the total width of the columns are scaled linearly to make the sum of the widths 100%. A rather advanced parameter, this usually need not be used and should be left blank. If a colheader or colfooter is used, then fullwidth is used automatically. Example:
fullwidth = true
padding
Padding before first column, preferably in a proportional unit. Defaults to 5em. Padding is disabled by setting it to 0 (or 0em, or 0%).
colnwidth
The nth column's width (overrides colwidth above).
coln
The content of the nth column. If any columns are used, then col1 is required. There can be a maximum of 20 columns.
colnheader
A header cell for the nth column that appears above the column. See below for examples.
colnfooter
A footer cell that appears below the nth column.
colnheadercolspan
A number specifying how many columns the nth column header should span. It defaults to 1. If it is greater than one, then do not specify column headers that it covers. For example, if col1headercolspan = 3, then leave col2header and col3header blank.
colnfootercolspan
A number specifying how many columns the nth column footer should span. It defaults to 1. If it is greater than one, then do not specify column footers that it covers. For example, if col1footercolspan = 3, then leave col2footer and col3footer blank.
You may wish to add a few extra groups and/or lists below the columns. The following parameters are given to provide such functionality. See {{Navbox}} for a more complete description of how they work, and for more examples.
groupn†
Allows up to 6 additional groups to go along with the lists below the columns.
listn†
Allows up to 6 additional lists below the columns.
groupstyle†
The general CSS style/s for the groups.
groupnstyle†
CSS style/s for the nth group parameter.
liststyle†
The general CSS style/s for the lists.
listnstyle†
CSS style/s for the nth list parameter.
listpadding†
Amount of padding to have in each list cell.
oddstyle
evenstyle
Applies to odd/even list numbers. Overrules styles defined by liststyle. The default behavior is to add striped colors (white and gray) to odd/even rows, respectively, in order to improve readability. These should not be changed except in extraordinary circumstances.
The gray background for the columns is added for illustration only. This example shows the colnheadercolspan parameter being used, but you may also use colnfootercolspan to adjust the span of the footer cells.
The gray background and centered text for the columns is for illustration only. The columns default to an off-white background and left text alignment. This example shows how you can use up to six additional groups/lists after the columns.
All three types of navbox templates, namely {{Navbox}}, {{Navbox with columns}}, and {{Navbox with collapsible groups}}, can be nested inside of one another using the border parameter (which is common to all three). For complex templates, it may be necessary to use nesting to achieve a desired look.
This example shows how one can nest multiple {{Navbox with columns}} templates to get the right look. Edit this section to view the code. There is a main {{Navbox with columns}} and two additional {{Navbox with columns}} templates, with the "child" option set (see code).
This example shows {{Navbox}}, {{Navbox with collapsible groups}} and {{Navbox with columns}} all working together. Press the edit button for the section to view the code. Note that each of the child navboxes has the first parameter set to child
{{Navbox
| name = Protected Areas of Colorado
| title = Protected Areas of Colorado
| group1 = National Park Service
| list1 =
{{Navbox subgroup
|group1 = National Parks
|list1 = [[Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park|Black Canyon of the Gunnison]]{{•}} [[Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve|Great Sand Dunes]]{{•}} [[Mesa Verde National Park|Mesa Verde]]{{•}} [[Rocky Mountain National Park|Rocky Mountain]]
|group2 = National Monuments
|list2 = [[Colorado National Monument|Colorado]]{{•}} [[Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument|Florissant Fossil Beds]]{{•}} [[Hovenweep National Monument|Hovenweep]]{{•}} [[Yucca House National Monument|Yucca House]]
|group3 = National Historic Sites
|list3 = [[Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site|Bent's Old Fort]]{{•}} [[Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site|Sand Creek Massacre]]
|group4 = National Recreation Area
|list4 = [[Curecanti National Recreation Area|Curecanti]]
}}
| group2 = National Forests
| list2 = [[Arapaho National Forest|Arapaho]]{{•}} [[Grand Mesa National Forest|Grand Mesa]]{{•}} [[Gunnison National Forest|Gunnison]]{{•}} [[Pike National Forest|Pike]]{{•}} [[Rio Grande National Forest|Rio Grande]]{{•}} [[Roosevelt National Forest|Roosevelt]]{{•}} [[Medicine Bow - Routt National Forest|Medicine Bow - Routt]]{{•}} [[San Isabel National Forest|San Isabel]]{{•}} [[San Juan National Forest|San Juan]]{{•}} [[Uncompahgre National Forest|Uncompahgre]]{{•}} [[White River National Forest|White River]]
}}
{{familytree/start |White box with three children Red box, Green box, Blue box, all married to each other}}
{{familytree| | | | |WHITE| | | | |WHITE=White box}}
{{familytree| |,|-|-|'|!|`|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree|RED |~|GREEN|~|BLUE |RED=Red box|GREEN=Green box|BLUE=Blue box
|boxstyle_RED =background-color: #faa;
|boxstyle_GREEN=background-color: #afa;
|boxstyle_BLUE =background-color: #aaf;
}}
{{familytree/end}}
Behavior switches: uppercase words surrounded by double underscores, e.g. __NOTOC__, or keywords using parser function syntax
Variables: uppercase words surrounded by double braces, e.g. {{PAGENAME}} (thus resembling templates)
Parser functions: keywords (some beginning #) in double braces with parameters after a colon, e.g. {{#expr:2+2}}
Some magic words are case-insensitive, but not all. Whitespace is stripped from the start and end of keywords and parameters, as in template syntax.
Page-dependent magic words will affect or return data about the current page, even if the word is added through a transcluded template or included system message.
It is possible to substitute parser functions and variables in the same way that templates are substituted (using the subst: keyword). This causes their current value (as evaluated at the time of substitution) to be written into the wikitext.
{{LOCALYEAR}} etc. (as above, based on site's local time)
{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}, {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}, {{NUMBEROFFILES}}, {{NUMBEROFEDITS}}, {{NUMBEROFVIEWS}}, {{NUMBEROFUSERS}}, {{NUMBEROFADMINS}}, {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} (statistics on English Wikipedia; add :R to return numbers without commas)
{{lcfirst:string}} (convert first character to lower case)
{{uc:string}} (convert to upper case)
{{ucfirst:string}} (convert first character to upper case)
{{formatnum:unformatted num}} (format a number with comma separators; add |R to unformat a number)
{{#formatdate:date|format}} (formats a date according to user preferences; a default can be given as an optional case-sensitive second parameter for users without date preference; can convert a date from an existing format to any of dmy, mdy, ymd or ISO 8601 formats, with the user's preference overriding the specified format)
{{padleft:xyz|stringlength}}, {{padright:xyz|stringlength}} (pad with zeros to the right or left; an alternative padding string can be given as a third parameter; the alternative padding string may be truncated if its length does not evenly divide the required number of characters)
{{plural:n|is|are}} (produces alternative text according to whether n is greater than 1)
{{#time:format string|date/time object}} (for date/time formatting; also #timel for local time. Covered at the extension documentation page.)
{{gender:username|masculine|female|neutral}} (produces alternate text according to the gender specified by the given user in his/her preferences)
{{#expr: expression }} (evaluates the given expression; see Help:Calculation)
{{#if: test string | value if non-empty | value if empty }} (selects one of two values based on whether the test string is empty)
{{#ifeq: string 1 | string 2 | value if equal | value if unequal }} (selects one of two values based on whether the test strings are equal – numerically if applicable)
{{#iferror: test string | value if error | value if correct }} (selects value based on whether the test string generates a parser error)
{{#ifexpr: expression | value if true | value if false }} (selects value based on evaluation of expression)
{{#ifexist: page title | value if exists | value if doesn't exist }} (selects value depending on whether a page title exists)
{{#switch: test | case1 = value for case 1 | ... | default }} (provides alternatives based on the value of the test string)