Pengguna:Argo Carpathians/Penyimpanan/6

Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In the four legislative elections since the fall of the New Order regime, no political party has won an overall majority of seats, resulting in coalition governments.

All political parties must have Pancasila as one of their ideologies^[1], a remnant of its sacred status as single ideology, especially during the New Order.^{[butuh rujukan]}

Ikhtisar

Indonesian political party system is regulated by Law No.2/2008 on political parties.^[2] The law defines political party as "a national organisation founded by like-minded Indonesian citizens with common goals to fulfil common interest and to defend the unity of the nation based on Pancasila and the national constitution, UUD 1945".

Political parties must register themselves to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights to be recognised by the authority. The law dictates political parties' registration criteria shall include a notarial act recognise the party establishment and party constitution; a document describing party symbols; address of party headquarters and prove of distribution of party local offices in provinces, and cities and regencies; and a prove of party bank account.^[2]^[3] The law also dictates minimum membership of new political parties on 50 persons, with the percentage of woman members and allocation of woman members to party offices are set on a minimum of 30%.

The party must undergo another registration process in order to participate in national elections; the registration shall be submitted to the General Elections Commission.^[4] Political parties whose had their registration declined by the electoral commission due to failure to satisfy administrative criteria or other reasons, are able to appeal their rejection to the Election Oversight Committee (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum).^[5]

Prinsip partai politik

Indonesian political party should recognise the superiority of Pancasila, the national philosophy

Indonesian political party should recognise the superiority of Pancasila and the national constitution, yet the law tolerates political parties to set other ideology as long as it does not violate the Pancasila and the constitution. The law explicitly prohibits establishment of a communist party, and political parties are banned from adopting communism as the party ideology.^[2]

In essence, Indonesian political parties differs little on party policy and ideology. The only major distinction among Indonesian parties is on their position whether to allow Islam plays more role in public affairs or not.^[6]This tendency resulting in several Indonesian political parties to brand itself as the part of nationalist-religious broad coalition in order to attract potential voters from both Muslim and the secular nationalist groups.

The language of left-right political spectrum is seldom used in Indonesia - in distinct from other countries of the world. This tendency is the result of the New Order regime under Suharto that anathematised left-wing politics after the Indonesian mass killings of 1965-66 against members and supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia.^[6] The New Order regime further stigmatised left-wing ideals as those espoused only by the communists, discouraging Indonesian political parties to identify itself as a left-wing movement lest they losing potential voters and be accused as communist. This tendency survives even beyond the 1998 Reform, partly due to the new regime persistence to maintain anti-communist law in force.

Partai politik yang memiliki wakil di parlemen

Partai politik yang memiliki wakil di parlemen pada tingkat nasional dan daerah

Nama			Pemimpin	Tahun		Status di DPR		Kursi di DPRD provinsi	Kursi di DPRD kabupaten/kota
Nama			Pemimpin	Dibentuk	Pemilihan umum pertama	Kursi	Status	Kursi di DPRD provinsi	Kursi di DPRD kabupaten/kota
	Partai Demokrat Democratic Party	Demokrat	Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono	2001	2004	61	Oposisi	247	1785
	Partai Golongan Karya Party of Functional Groups	Golkar	Airlangga Hartarto	1964	1971	85	Pemerintah	354	2534
	Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya Great Indonesia Movement Party	Gerindra	Prabowo Subianto	2008	2009	78	Pemerintah	230	1809
	Partai Nasional Demokrat National Democratic Party	Nasdem	Surya Paloh	2011	2014	59	Pemerintah	123	1202
	Partai Amanat Nasional National Mandate Party	PAN	Zulkifli Hasan	1998	1999	44	Oposisi	160	1416
	Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle	PDI-P	Megawati Sukarnoputri	1999	1999	128	Pemerintah	356	2540
	Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa National Awakening Party	PKB	Muhaimin Iskandar	1998	1999	58	Pemerintah	131	1270
	Partai Keadilan Sejahtera Prosperous Justice Party	PKS	Sohibul Iman	1999 As Partai Keadilan	1999	50	Oposisi	155	1032
	Partai Persatuan Pembangunan United Development Party	PPP	Suharso Monoarfa	1973	1971 Sebagai aliansi partai-partai Islam	19	Pemerintah	138	1060

Partai politik yang memiliki wakil di parlemen hanya pada tingkat daerah

These parties participates on national elections - the last was in 2019 - yet failed to attain a single seat in the DPR due to failing to pass 4% parliamentary threshold.^[7] Notable failure was of Hanura, that was failed to return to DPR despite winning seats in 2014 election. Despite electoral failure in the DPR, these parties successfully gain seat in regional parliaments (DPRD).

Aceh special autonomy statutes allowed formation of local political parties to compete only in Aceh local parliament. Although the party number is serialised from the national list, Aceh local parties only appeared in ballot paper circulating in Aceh province.^[8]

Name			Leader	Year		Provincial DPRD seats
Name			Leader	Founded	First election	Provincial DPRD seats
	Berkarya Party Partai Berkarya	Berkarya	Tommy Soeharto	2016	2019	10
	Crescent Star Party Partai Bulan Bintang	PBB	Yusril Ihza Mahendra	1998	1999	12
	Garuda Party Partai Gerakan Perubahan Indonesia	Garuda	Ahmad Ridha Sabana	2015	2019	2
	People's Conscience Party Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat	Hanura	Oesman Sapta Odang	2006	2009	61
	Indonesian Justice and Unity Party Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia	PKPI	Diaz Hendropriyono	1999	1999	4
	Indonesian Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Indonesia	PSI	Grace Natalie	2014	2019	13
	Perindo Party Partai Persatuan Indonesia	Perindo	Hary Tanoesoedibjo	2015	2019	29
Parties represented only in Aceh DPRD
	Aceh Party Partai Aceh	PA	Muzakir Manaf	2007	2009	18
	Aceh Regional Party Partai Daerah Aceh	PDA	Jamaluddin	2011	2014	3
	Independent Voice of the Acehnese Party Partai Suara Independen Rakyat Aceh	SIRA	M. Taufiq Abda	2007	2009	1
	Nanggroe Aceh Party Partai Nanggroe Aceh	PNA	Irwandi Yusuf	2011	2014	6

Partai politik yang tidak memiliki wakil di parlemen

These political parties have no representation in either national or regional parliaments.

The term "partai gurem" (minor party) is commonly used by Indonesian media to refer to these political parties. The term is initially referred to political parties that won a very small number of parliamentary seat and after the 2004 election, to political parties that have no chance to surpass parliamentary threshold to gain representation on the People's Representative Council.^[9] These political parties are often perceived to be lacking in organisational structure and their founder is only interested in attracting media attention.^[9]

These parties often had their registration to participate in elections declined by the General Elections Commission (KPU) due to party failure to satisfy registration criteria set by the commission, which includes completeness of party document, location of party permanent offices, minimum membership and minimum percentage of woman members.^[10]^[11] Parties that had their registration rejected often resorted to appealing their rejection to the Electoral Oversight Committee (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum), with varied success.^[12]

Nama^[13]			Pemimpin	Dibentuk	Pemilihan umum yang pernah diikuti
Nama^[13]			Pemimpin	Dibentuk	1999	2004	2009	2014	2019
	Partai Gelombang Rakyat Indonesia Indonesian People's Wave Party	Gelora	Anis Matta	2019	Masih belum dibentuk
	Partai Bhinneka Indonesia Indonesian Bhinneka Party	PBI	Nurdin Purnomo	1998 Sebagai "Partai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika Indonesia"^[14]
	Partai Hijau Indonesia Indonesian Green Party	PHI		2012	Masih belum dibentuk
	Partai Nasional Indonesia Marhaenisme Indonesian National Party Marhaenism	PNI Marhaen	Sukmawati Soekarnoputri	2002
	Partai Swara Rakyat Indonesia Indonesian People's Voice Party	Parsindo	M. Jusuf Rizal	2016	Masih belum dibentuk
	Partai Pemersatu Bangsa National Unity Party	PPB	Eggi Sudjana	2001^[15]	Masih belum dibentuk
	Partai Kedaulatan Bangsa Indonesia Baru New Indonesia National Sovereignty Party	PKBIB	Yenny Wahid	2002 Sebagai "Partai Aliansi Indonesia Baru"
	Partai Pengusaha dan Pekerja Indonesia Indonesian Workers and Employers Party	PPPI	Daniel Hutapea	2002
	Partai Rakyat People's Party	Rakyat	I Ketut Tenang	2014	Masih belum dibentuk
	Partai Reformasi Reform Party	Reformasi	Syamsahril Kamal	2000
	Partai Rakyat Demokratik People's Democratic Party	PRD	Agus Jabo Priyono	1996^[16]
	Partai Republik Republican Party	Republik	Suharno Prawiro	1998^[17]		Tidak aktif
	Partai Indonesia Kerja Working Indonesia Party	PIKA	Hartoko Adi Oetomo	2016	Masih belum dibentuk

Bekas partai politik

Partai politik yang berpartisipasi dalam pemilu 1955 dan 1971

Logo	Name^[18]^[19]		Established	Dissolved	Contested elections
Logo	Name^[18]^[19]		Established	Dissolved	1955	1971
	Indonesian Islamic Union Party Partai Serikat Islam Indonesia	PSII	1923 1947	1973
	Nahdlatul Ulama	NU	1952^[20]	1973 Still active as religious organisation
	Indonesian National Party Partai Nasional Indonesia	PNI	1927^[21]	1973
	Communist Party of Indonesia Partai Komunis Indonesia	PKI	1929^[22]	1966^[23] Banned
	Islamic Education Movement Pergerakan Tarbijah Islamijah	Perti	1930^[24]	1973
	Masyumi Party Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia	Masyumi	1943^[25]	1960 Banned
	Indonesian Christian Party Partai Kristen Indonesia	Parkindo	1945^[26]	1973
	Catholic Party Partai Katolik		1945	1973
	Socialist Party of Indonesia Partai Sosialis Indonesia	PSI	1945^[26]	1960 Banned
	Indonesian Marhaen People's Union Persatuan Rakyat Marhaen Indonesia	Permai	1945^[26]
	Popular Consultative Party Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak	Murba	1948	1973 Revived in 1998^[27]
	Labour Party Partai Buruh		1949
	National People's Party Partai Rakyat Nasional	PRN	1950
	Indonesian People's Party Partai Rakyat Indonesia	PRI	1950^[28]
	League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia	IPKI	1954^[29]	1973 Revived in 1998^[30]
	Pancasila Defender Movement Gerakan Pembela Pantja Sila	GPPS	1955
	Police Employee Association of the Republic of Indonesia Persatuan Pegawai Polisi Republik Indonesia		1955
	Indonesian Citizenship Consultative Assembly Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia	Baperki	1954
	Great Indonesia Unity Party Partai Indonesia Raya - Wongsonegoro	PIR
	Indonesian Movement Gerakan Indonesia	GI	1955
	Dayak Unity Party Partai Persatuan Dayak	PPD	1946	1959 Banned
	Great Indonesia Party "Hazairin" Partai Indonesia Raya	PIR - Hazairin
	Islamic Tharikah Unity Party Partai Persatuan Tharikah Islam	PPTI
	Islamic Victory Force Angkatan Kemenangan Umat Islam	AKUI
	Village People's Union Persatuan Rakjat Desa	PRD
	Party of the People of Free Indonesia Partai Rakjat Indonesia Merdeka	PRIM
	Young Communist Force Angkatan Communis Muda	Acoma	1952	1965 Banned
	Muslim Party of Indonesia Partai Muslimin Indonesia	Parmusi	1967^[31]	1973

Partai politik pada era Orde Baru

After his rise into power, President Soeharto showed his discontent to multiple political parties, arguing that the failure of Konstituante in 1955-1959 was caused by political party deadlock, and it should not be repeated in his regime.^[32] He further proposed existing political parties to unite based on their ideological essence – either spiritual (religious party) or materialist (nationalist party). Political parties reaction to calls of Suharto was generally positive, with Islamic parties claimed that party fusion was in line with their last National Islamic Congress resolution agreed in 1969, and a party alliance of "Democratic Development Group" was formed by PNI, IPKI, Parkindo, Murba Party, dan Catholic Party to compete in 1971 election.^[33]

After 1971 election, New Order regime reiterates its call for political parties to fuse, and a MPR ordinance regulating political parties grouping issued in 1973 further pressured political parties to merge.^[34]

All Islamic political parties merged to form United Development Party (PPP) on 5 January 1973, and the remaining nationalist and non-Islamic political parties united to form Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) on 10 January 1973.^[34] Golkar, officially a "federation of public organisations" instead of a proper political party, immune to the fusion and remain dominant for the entire period of the New Order.

The parties for the last time participated in 1997 election, and the three-party system survived until the collapse of the New Order in 1998 Reformasi. Ensuing political liberalisation allowed establishment of multitudes of new political parties, with the number of political parties participating in 1999 election significantly jumped to 48 parties.

After the Reform, PPP survived and continue to participate in all following elections after 1999, as well as Golkar that reformed itself as a political party. The PDI failed to imitate the Golkar and PPP success after government intervention to unseat Chairman Megawati Soekarnoputri from her seat in 1996 causing PDI support to collapse in 1997 election. PDI votes further eroded as support instead went to its breakaway Indonesian Democratic Party - Struggle (PDI-P) led by Megawati in 1999 election, resulting on the party to won only two seats compared to 153 seats of PDI-P. After poor electoral performance and failure to register for 2004 election, PDI reformed itself as Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party (PPDI) in 2003.^[35]

Name		Established	Dissolved
Joint Committee of Functional Groups Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya	Golkar	1964	Continued as Golkar Party
Indonesian Democratic Party Partai Demokrasi Indonesia	PDI	1973^[36]	2003 Continued as PPDI^[35]
United Development Party Partai Persatuan Pembangunan	PPP	1973^[37]	Continued as PPP

Partai politik pada era pasca-Reformasi

Name^[38]^[39]^[40]^[41]		Established	Dissolved	Contested elections
Name^[38]^[39]^[40]^[41]		Established	Dissolved	2004	2009
Archipelago Republic Party Partai Republika Nusantara	RepublikaN	2001	2013 Merged into Hanura^[42]
Concern for the Nation Functional Party Partai Karya Peduli Bangsa	PKPB	2002
Democratic Nationhood Party Partai Demokrasi Kebangsaan	PDK	2002	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Democratic Renewal Party Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan	PDP	2005	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Freedom Party Partai Merdeka	PM	2002	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Functional Party of Struggle Partai Karya Perjuangan	Pakar Pangan	2007	2012 Merged into Democratic Party^[44]
Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia	PKDI	1998	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party Partai Penegak Demokrasi Indonesia	PPDI	2003	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Sovereignty Party Partai Kedaulatan	PK	2006	2013 Merged into Hanura^[42]
Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia	PPNUI	2003
Indonesian Unity Party Partai Sarikat Indonesia	PSI	2002	2005 Merged into PAN^[45]
Indonesian Youth Party Partai Pemuda Indonesia	PPI	2007	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
National Front Party Partai Barisan Nasional	PBN	2007
Labour Party Partai Buruh	PB	1998 As "National Labour Party"^[46]
National People's Concern Party Partai Rakyat Peduli Nasional	PRPN	2006	2013 Merged into Hanura^[42]
National Sun Party Partai Matahari Bangsa	PMB	2006	2014^[47]
Regional Unity Party Partai Persatuan Daerah	PPD	2002	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Patriot Party Partai Patriot		1998	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Peace and Safe Islamic Party Partai Islam Damai Aman	Idaman	2015	2018 Merged into PAN^[48]	Not yet established
Pioneers' Party Partai Pelopor	PP	2002	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Prosperous Indonesia Party Partai Indonesia Sejahtera	PIS	-	2011 Merged to form National Unity Party^[43]
Prosperous Peace Party Partai Damai Sejahtera	PDS	2001	2013 Merged into Hanura^[42]
Reform Star Party Partai Bintang Reformasi	PBR	2002	2011 Merged into Gerindra^[49]
Ulema National Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama	PKNU	2000s	2013 In coalition agreement with PPP^[50]

Partai politik yang hanya berpartisipasi dalam pemilu 1999

Following political liberalisation after the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998 Reformasi, registration for new political parties jumped significantly. As the result, the following 1999 election had 48 political parties competing for DPR seats, compared to the previous 1997 election that saw only 2 political parties plus Golkar.

Several parties claimed inheritance from former political parties existed prior to the New Order era, resulting in parties sharing similar political party name, with faction names as the only characteristics that made those parties distinct from each other. Example on this case was on claimants of former Indonesian National Party (PNI) and Masyumi Party. ^[51]

Most of the parties failed to gain even a single seat due to lack of votes. After the new electoral law authorise the use of parliamentary threshold to determine division of DPR seats, those parties were forced to reorganise itself in order to be able to register for the next 2004 election.^[52]

This is the list of political parties participating only in 1999 election and failed to participate in the next 2004 election.

Name		Established
Aceh Orphans' Foundation Party Partai Abul Yatama	PAY	1999^[53]
All-Indonesia Workers' Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia	PSPSI	1998^[54]
Democratic Catholic Party Partai Katolik Demokrat	PKD	1998^[55]
Democratic Islamic Party Partai Islam Demokrat	PID	1998^[56]
Democratic National Party Partai Nasional Demokrat	PND	1998^[57]
Familial Consultative Party of Mutual Assistance Partai Musyawarah Kekeluargaan Gotong Royong	MKGR	1998^[58]
Indonesian Democratic Alliance Party Partai Aliansi Demokrat Indonesia	PADI	1998^[59]
Indonesian Democratic Union Party Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia	PUDI	1996^[60]
Indonesian Islamic Political Party "Masyumi" Partai Politik Islam Indonesia "Masyumi"		1998 Claimed inheritance from the original Masyumi^[51]
Indonesian Islamic Ummah Party Partai Umat Muslimin Indonesia	PUMI	1998^[61]
Indonesian Islamic Union Party Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia	PSII	1998 Claimed inheritance from the original PSII^[62]
Indonesian Islamic Union Party - 1905 Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia - 1905'	PSII 1905	1998^[63]
Indonesian Muslim Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Muslim Indonesia	KAMI	1998^[64]
Indonesian National Christian Party Partai Kristen Nasional Indonesia	Krisna	1998^[65]
Indonesian National Party – Marhaenist Front Partai Nasional Indonesia – Front Marhaenis	PNI–Front Marhaenis	1999 Claimed inheritance from the original PNI^[66]
Indonesian National Party – Marhaen Masses Partai Nasional Indonesia – Massa Marhaen	PNI-Massa Marhaen	1998 Claimed inheritance from the original PNI^[67]
Indonesian National Party - Supeni Partai Nasional Indonesia - Supeni	PNI-Supeni	1995 Claimed inheritance from the original PNI^[68]
Indonesian National Union Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Uni Nasional Indonesia	SUNI	1998^[69]
Indonesian People's Party Partai Rakyat Indonesia	Pari	1998^[70]
Indonesian Workers' Party Partai Pekerja Indonesia	PPI	1998^[71]
Islamic Ummah Party Partai Ummat Islam	PUI	1998^[72]
Love and Peace Party Partai Cinta Damai	PCD	1998^[73]
National Freedom Party Partai Kebangsaan Merdeka	PKM	1998^[74]
National Love Democratic Party Partai Demokrasi Kasih Bangsa	PDKB	1998^[75]
National Party of the Indonesian Nation Partai Nasional Bangsa Indonesia	PNBI	1998^[76]
New Indonesia Party Partai Indonesia Baru	PIB	1999^[77]
New Masyumi Party Partai Masyumi Baru		1995^[78]
People's Choice Party Partai Pilihan Rakyat	Pilar	1998^[79]
People's Sovereignty Party Partai Daulat Rakyat	PDR	1999^[80]
Justice Party Partai Keadilan	PK	1998
United Party Partai Persatuan	PP	1999^[81]
Ummah Awakening Party Partai Kebangkitan Umat	PKU	1998^[82]
Workers' Solidarity Party Partai Solidaritas Pekerja	PSP	1999^[83]

Organisasi politik pada era prakemerdekaan

Name		Established	Dissolved	Notes
Budi Utomo Prime Philosophy		1908	1935	First native political movement on the Dutch East Indies; its founding initiated the Indonesian National Awakening.
Chung Hwa Hui Chinese Association	CHH	1928	1942	Advocated Chinese rights in the Dutch East Indies.
Partai Indonesia Raya Great Indonesian Party	Parindra	1935	1939
Indies Social Democratic Association Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging	ISDV	1914	1924	Forerunner of the Communist Party of Indonesia.
Indische Partij Indies Party	IP	1912	1913
Indo Europeesch Verbond Indo-European Alliance	IEV	1919	1962	Advocated Indo people rights in the Dutch East Indies and after the independence of Indonesia.
Partai Nasional Indonesia Indonesian National Party	PNI	1927	1931	Advocated Indonesian independence.
Insulinde		1907	1919
Partai Tionghoa Indonesia Indonesian Chinese Party	PTI	1932	1942	Advocated closer ties between Chinese and native Indonesians.
Partai Indonesia Indonesian Party	Partindo	1931	1936	Advocated Indonesian independence.
Persatuan Arab Indonesia Arab-Indonesian Union	PAI	1934		Advocated Indonesian allegiance to Arab-Indonesians^[84].
Sarekat Islam Islamic Union	SI	1905	Active as religious organisation	Founded as a trade union, reformed as a political movement after the Indonesian National Awakening.

Lainnya

Name		Established	Dissolved	Notes
Partai Kemerdekaan Indonesia Irian Indonesian Irian Independence Party	PKII	1946	1962	Founded in Netherlands New Guinea, advocated integration of Western New Guinea into Indonesia.

References

Feith, Herbert (2007) The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, ISBN 979-3780-45-2
Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4480-5

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^ Tempo.co (6 April 2005). "PSI Masuk PAN (PSI Joins PAN)". Tempo.co (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Tempo online. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2018.
^ "KOMPAS-37: Partai Buruh Nasional (PBN)".
^ "Amien Rais Mau Bikin Partai Baru, Mumtaz Rais: Kalau Mati Malu-maluin". Suara.com (dalam bahasa Indonesian). 31 March 2020.
^ Abi Sarwanto (12 May 2018). "Partai Idaman Gabung PAN, Zulkifli Sebut Rhoma Tetap Ketum". CNN Indonesia.
^ "Bintang Reformasi melebur ke Gerindra". Berita Satu. 18 February 2011.
^ "PKNU: Ini Bukan Peleburan". Republika.
^ ^a ^b "KOMPAS-21: PARTAI POLITIK ISLAM INDONESIA MASYUMI".
^ "Partai-partai Mulai Berganti Nama". Tempo.co. 25 July 2003.
^ "KOMPAS-12: PARTAI ABUL YATAMA (PAY)".
^ "KOMPAS-23/Deplu 42: Partai Solidaritas Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (PSPSI)".
^ "KOMPAS-18: PARTAI KATOLIK DEMOKRAT (PKD)".
^ "KOMPAS-29: Partai Islam Demokrat (PID)".
^ "KOMPAS-46: Partai Nasional Demokrat (PND)".
^ "KOMPAS-38:Partai Musyawarah Kekeluaargaan Gotong Royong (Partai MKGR)".
^ "KOMPAS - 4- PARTAI ALIANSI DEMOKRAT INDONESIA (PADI)".
^ "KOMPAS-36:Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia (PUDI)".
^ "KOMPAS-47: Partai Ummat Muslimin Indonesia (PUMI)".
^ "KOMPAS-10: PARTAI SYARIKAT ISLAM INDONESIA (PSII)".
^ "KOMPAS-17: PARTAI SYARIKAT ISLAM INDONESIA 1905 (PSII 1905)".
^ "KOMPAS -5: Partai Kebangkitan Muslim Indonesia (Kami)".
^ "KOMPAS-2-PARTAI KRISTEN NASIONAL INDONESIA (Krisna)".
^ "KOMPAS-26:PARTAI NASIONAL INDONESIA - FRONT MARHAENIS (PNI - FRONT MARHAENIS)".
^ "KOMPAS-29: Partai Nasional Indonesia - Massa Marhaen (PNI-MASSA MARHAEN)".
^ "KOMPAS - 3 - Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI-SUPENI)".
^ "KOMPAS-45: Partai Solidaritas Uni Nasional Indonesia (SUNI)".
^ "KOMPAS-20: PARTAI RAKYAT INDONESIA (Pari)".
^ "KOMPAS-48: Partai Pekerja Indonesia".
^ "KOMPAS - 6 - PARTAI UMMAT ISLAM (PUI)".
^ "KOMPAS-40: Partai Cinta Damai".
^ "KOMPAS-13: PARTAI KEBANGSAAN MERDEKA (PKM)".
^ "KOMPAS-14: PARTAI DEMOKRASI KASIH BANGSA (PDKB)".
^ "KOMPAS-43: Partai Nasional Bangsa Indonesia (PNRI)".
^ "KOMPAS - 1 - Partai Indonesia Baru (PIB)".
^ Henry, Patricia. "Kompas-8: Partai Masyumi Baru".
^ "KOMPAS-19: PARTAI PILIHAN RAKYAT (Pilar)".
^ "KOMPAS-39: Partai Daulat Rakyat".
^ "KOMPAS-34: Partai Persatuan (PP)".
^ "KOMPAS - 7 - PARTAI KEBANGKITAN UMMAT (PKU)".
^ "KOMPAS-42/Deplu 23: Partai Solidaritas Pekerja (PSP)".
^ Kahin, Audrey (2015). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (edisi ke-3). Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 724. ISBN 978-0-810874565.

Lihat pula

Templat:Indonesian political parties

[1] "UU 2 tahun 2008 tentang Partai Politik | Jogloabang". www.jogloabang.com. Diakses tanggal 2020-05-17.

[uu2-2] "Undang-undang No. 2 Tahun 2008 tentang Partai Politik" (PDF), People's Representative Council, 4 January 2008

[3] Dimas Hutomo (3 January 2019), Pendaftaran Partai Politik untuk Menjadi Badan Hukum, Hukumonline.com

[4] Putra Ananda (27 September 2017), Ini 10 Syarat Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu 2019, Media Indonesia

[5] Moh. Nadlir (25 December 2017), Tidak Lolos Administrasi, 7 Parpol Bisa Ajukan Gugatan ke Bawaslu RI, Kompas.com

[mandala-6] Muhtadi, Burhanuddin; et al. (24 April 2018), Mapping the Indonesian political spectrum (dalam bahasa Inggris), Newmandala.org

[7] Suprapto (18 April 2019). "UPDATE TERBARU: 9 Parpol Lolos Ambang Batas Parlemen dan 7 Parpol Tak Lolos Parliamentary Threshold". Wartakota.tribunnews.com.

[8] Warsidi, Adi (9 April 2019). "Mengenal Partai Lokal di Pemilu 2019, dari Eks GAM sampai Santri". "Acehkini" on Kumparan.com.

[gurem-9] Petrik Matanasi (25 January 2017). "Nasib Suram Partai Gurem dalam Sejarah Politik Tanah Air". Tirto.id.

[10] "Inilah Daftar 13 Partai Gagal Penuhi Syarat Berkas". Media Indonesia. 19 October 2017.

[11] Putra Ananda (27 September 2017). "Ini 10 Syarat Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu 2019". Media Indonesia.

[12] Ramadhan Rizki Saputra (8 March 2018). "Bawaslu Tolak Gugatan Tiga Parpol untuk Jadi Peserta Pemilu". CNN Indonesia.

[13] "Rekapitulasi Partai Pemilu 2019".

[14] "KOMPAS-44: Partai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika Indonesia (PBI)". Seasite.

[15] Data Partai Politik

[16] "Tentang PRD". PRD.

[17] "KOMPAS-28: PARTAI REPUBLIK".

[18] "Pemilu 1955". 30 September 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 September 2007.

[19] "Pemilu 1971". 20 June 2003. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 June 2003.

[20] "Nahdlatul Ulama Didirikan untuk Membendung Puritanisme Agama". 31 January 2018.

[21] "Sejarah Berdirinya Partai Nasional Indonesia".

[22] Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) dibentuk pada tanggal 23 Mei 1929. Jadi, tanggal 23 Mei tahun 1955 ini adalah ulang tahun PKI yang ke-35. https://www.marxists.org/indonesia/indones/1955-AiditLahirnyaPKI.htm

[23] Media, Kompas Cyber. "12 Maret 1966, Soeharto Bubarkan PKI - Kompas.com".

[24] "Tarbiyah Perti Menyelesaikan Munas dan Muktamar Islah".

[RICKLEFS194-25] Ricklefs (1991) p194

[buku-ips-26] Seri IPS Sejarah 3 SMP Kelas IX, Drs. Prawoto, MPd. https://books.google.com/books?id=4kS1BjsJsBQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false page 54

[27] "KOMPAS-31: Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak (Murba)".

[28] "Kisah Partai Pohon Kelapa".

[FEITH_405-29] Feith (2007) p405

[30] "KOMPAS-27: PARTAI IKATAN PENDUKUNG KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA (IPKI)".

[31] "Sejarah Persaudaraan Muslimin Indonesia (PARMUSI)".

[merdeka-32] Fadillah, Ramadhian (15 October 2019). "Ini Penyebab Cuma Boleh Ada 3 Partai Politik di Era Presiden Soeharto". Merdeka.com.

[menciptakan-33] Abdulsalam, Husein (10 January 2019). "Cara Soeharto Menciptakan Partai Demokrasi Indonesia". Tirto.id.

[fusi-34] Ardanareswari, Indira (13 April 2019). "Sejarah Pemilu 1977: Taktik Fusi Parpol ala Soeharto & Orde Baru". Tirto.id.

[Partai2-35] Bambang Setiawan & Bestian Nainggolan (Eds) (2004) Partai-Partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi dan Program 2004-2009 (Indonesian Political Parties: Ideologies and Programs 2004-2009) Kompas ISBN 979-709-121-X. p213

[pdi-pdip-36] Ujianto, Catur. "Profil Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP) - Pemilu Presiden 2014 ANTARA News".

[37] "PPP - Partai Persatuan Pembangunan".

[38] "Pemilu 1999". 20 June 2003. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 June 2003.

[39] "Komisi Pemilihan Umum.go.id". 6 April 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 April 2005.

[40] Media, Kompas Cyber. "Inilah Hasil Akhir Perolehan Suara Nasional Pemilu - Kompas.com".

[41] Media, Kompas Cyber. "Disahkan KPU, Ini Perolehan Suara Pemilu Legislatif 2014 - Kompas.com".

[gabunghanura-42] Dian Maharani (14 April 2011). "Sepuluh Parpol Tak Lolos Verifikasi Gabung ke Hanura (Ten Paties that Failed the Verification Join Hanura)" (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Kompas. Diakses tanggal 18 March 2018.

[ppn-43] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Ajeng Ritzki Pitakasari (14 April 2011). "Tersingkir di Pemilu 2009, Sepuluh Partai Dirikan Partai Persatuan Nasional (Sidelined from the election, 10 parties establish the National Unity Party)". Tempo.co (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Republika online. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2018.

[44] Anang Purwanto (31 August 2011). "Pakar Pangan resmi berbaju Demokrat (Pakar Pangan officially joins the Democrat [Party])". SindoNews.com. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2018.

[45] Tempo.co (6 April 2005). "PSI Masuk PAN (PSI Joins PAN)". Tempo.co (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Tempo online. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2018.

[46] "KOMPAS-37: Partai Buruh Nasional (PBN)".

[47] "Amien Rais Mau Bikin Partai Baru, Mumtaz Rais: Kalau Mati Malu-maluin". Suara.com (dalam bahasa Indonesian). 31 March 2020.

[48] Abi Sarwanto (12 May 2018). "Partai Idaman Gabung PAN, Zulkifli Sebut Rhoma Tetap Ketum". CNN Indonesia.

[49] "Bintang Reformasi melebur ke Gerindra". Berita Satu. 18 February 2011.

[50] "PKNU: Ini Bukan Peleburan". Republika.

[masyumi-51] "KOMPAS-21: PARTAI POLITIK ISLAM INDONESIA MASYUMI".

[gantinama-52] "Partai-partai Mulai Berganti Nama". Tempo.co. 25 July 2003.

[53] "KOMPAS-12: PARTAI ABUL YATAMA (PAY)".

[54] "KOMPAS-23/Deplu 42: Partai Solidaritas Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (PSPSI)".

[55] "KOMPAS-18: PARTAI KATOLIK DEMOKRAT (PKD)".

[56] "KOMPAS-29: Partai Islam Demokrat (PID)".

[57] "KOMPAS-46: Partai Nasional Demokrat (PND)".

[58] "KOMPAS-38:Partai Musyawarah Kekeluaargaan Gotong Royong (Partai MKGR)".

[59] "KOMPAS - 4- PARTAI ALIANSI DEMOKRAT INDONESIA (PADI)".

[60] "KOMPAS-36:Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia (PUDI)".

[61] "KOMPAS-47: Partai Ummat Muslimin Indonesia (PUMI)".

[62] "KOMPAS-10: PARTAI SYARIKAT ISLAM INDONESIA (PSII)".

[63] "KOMPAS-17: PARTAI SYARIKAT ISLAM INDONESIA 1905 (PSII 1905)".

[64] "KOMPAS -5: Partai Kebangkitan Muslim Indonesia (Kami)".

[65] "KOMPAS-2-PARTAI KRISTEN NASIONAL INDONESIA (Krisna)".

[66] "KOMPAS-26:PARTAI NASIONAL INDONESIA - FRONT MARHAENIS (PNI - FRONT MARHAENIS)".

[67] "KOMPAS-29: Partai Nasional Indonesia - Massa Marhaen (PNI-MASSA MARHAEN)".

[68] "KOMPAS - 3 - Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI-SUPENI)".

[69] "KOMPAS-45: Partai Solidaritas Uni Nasional Indonesia (SUNI)".

[70] "KOMPAS-20: PARTAI RAKYAT INDONESIA (Pari)".

[71] "KOMPAS-48: Partai Pekerja Indonesia".

[72] "KOMPAS - 6 - PARTAI UMMAT ISLAM (PUI)".

[73] "KOMPAS-40: Partai Cinta Damai".

[74] "KOMPAS-13: PARTAI KEBANGSAAN MERDEKA (PKM)".

[75] "KOMPAS-14: PARTAI DEMOKRASI KASIH BANGSA (PDKB)".

[76] "KOMPAS-43: Partai Nasional Bangsa Indonesia (PNRI)".

[77] "KOMPAS - 1 - Partai Indonesia Baru (PIB)".

[78] Henry, Patricia. "Kompas-8: Partai Masyumi Baru".

[79] "KOMPAS-19: PARTAI PILIHAN RAKYAT (Pilar)".

[80] "KOMPAS-39: Partai Daulat Rakyat".

[81] "KOMPAS-34: Partai Persatuan (PP)".

[82] "KOMPAS - 7 - PARTAI KEBANGKITAN UMMAT (PKU)".

[83] "KOMPAS-42/Deplu 23: Partai Solidaritas Pekerja (PSP)".

[Kahin-84] Kahin, Audrey (2015). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia (edisi ke-3). Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 724. ISBN 978-0-810874565.

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l b s Topik Indonesia
Sejarah Nusantara (pra-Indonesia)	Garis waktu Prasejarah Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Kerajaan Islam Kerajaan Kristen Era kolonial Portugis Era VOC Era Hindia Belanda Era pendudukan Jepang
Sejarah Indonesia	Sejarah nama Proklamasi Era transisi Revolusi nasional KMB Pengakuan Belanda Era RIS Era demokrasi liberal Dekret presiden Era demokrasi terpimpin Trikora Konfrontasi ke Malaysia G30S Era orde baru Supersemar Pendudukan di Timor Timur Gerakan 1998 Era reformasi Referendum Timor Timur
Geografi	Air terjun Bendungan dan waduk Danau Pegunungan Gunung berapi Pulau dan kepulauan menurut provinsi abjad A-L M-Z Perairan Laut Pantai Selat Sungai Teluk Tanjung Tempat Titik-titik garis pangkal Wilayah
Politik dan pemerintahan	Ibu kota negara Lembaga negara Pemerintah Presiden Kementerian MPR DPR DPD Kekuasaan kehakiman MA MK KY BPK Perwakilan di luar negeri Kepolisian Militer Administratif (Provinsi Kabupaten/kota Kecamatan dan kelurahan/desa) Hubungan luar negeri Hukum Undang-undang Pemilu Partai politik Kewarganegaraan
Ekonomi	APBN APBD Bank Pasar modal IDX JFX Pariwisata Pertanian dan perkebunan Perusahaan BUMN Sains dan teknologi Transportasi Penerbangan Perkeretaapian
Demografi	Suku bangsa Bahasa nasional Bahasa daerah Agama Nama orang Tokoh Kesehatan Kesehatan hewan Pelayanan kesehatan Pendidikan Olahraga
Budaya	Seni Film Tari Sastra Musik Lagu Teater Bela diri Masakan Mitologi Permainan tradisional Busana daerah Arsitektur Bandar udara Pelabuhan Stasiun kereta api Terminal Pembangkit listrik Warisan Budaya UNESCO Wayang Batik Keris Angklung Tari Saman Noken
Simbol	Sang Saka Merah Putih Garuda Pancasila Ibu Pertiwi Nusantara
Flora dan fauna	Fauna Indonesia Binatang endemik Flora Indonesia Tumbuhan endemik Bunga Burung endemik Ikan Cagar alam Suaka margasatwa Taman nasional Terumbu karang
Lainnya	Media Telekomunikasi Internet Permainan video Penyiaran Televisi Terestrial Berlangganan Radio Tanda kehormatan Kode pos Kode telepon Kode kendaraan Hari penting
Garis besar • Portal

l b s List of political parties in Asia
Negara berdaulat	Afganistan Arab Saudi Armenia¹ Azerbaijan¹ Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Filipina Georgia¹ India Indonesia Irak Iran Israel Jepang Kamboja Kazakhstan³ Kirgizstan Korea Selatan Korea Utara Kuwait Laos Lebanon Maladewa Malaysia Mesir³ Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Qatar Rusia³ Singapura Siprus¹ Sri Lanka Suriah Tajikistan Thailand Timor Leste² Tiongkok Turki³ Turkmenistan Uni Emirat Arab Uzbekistan Vietnam Yaman Yordania
Negara dengan pengakuan terbatas	Abkhazia¹ Republik Artsakh¹ Ossetia Selatan¹ Palestina Siprus Utara¹ Republik Tiongkok
Dependensi dan wilayah lain	Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) Hong Kong Makau Pulau Natal Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania
¹ Terkadang dimasukkan ke Eropa, tergantung definisi perbatasan. ² Terkadang dimasukkan ke Oseania. ³ Negara lintas benua.