Perluasan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

Per April 2015, terdapat 193 negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) dan setiap negara adalah nggota Majelis Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa.^[1]

Berikut ini adalah daftar negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa berdasarkan urutan tahun penerimaan (disertai Resolusi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang merekomendasikan penerimaannya dan Resolusi Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang menerimanya, disingkat SCR dan GAR),^[2] termasuk mantan anggota. Anggota yang diberi tanda "→" telah berubah nama, keanggotaannya dilanjutkan oleh negara pengganti, bergabung dengan anggota lain, atau bubar.

1940-an

1945 (anggota pendiri)

PBB secara resmi berdiri tanggal 24 Oktober 1945 setelah ratifikasi Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa oleh lima anggota permanen Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (Republik CIna, Perancis, Uni Soviet, Britania Raya, dan Amerika Serikat) dan beberapa penandatangan lain.^[3] Sebanyak 51 anggota pertama (atau anggota pendiri) bergabung pada tahun itu; 50 di antaranya menandatangani Piagam PBB di Konferensi Organisasi Internasional Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa di San Francisco tanggal 26 Juni 1945, sedangkan Polandia (tidak diwakili dalam konferensi tersebut) menandatangani Piagam pada tanggal 15 Oktober 1945.^[4]

24 Oktober 1945

Argentina
RSS Byelorusia → Belarus
Brasil
Chili
Cina (kursi diduduki Republik Cina) → Cina (kursi diduduki Republik Rakyat Tiongkok) (Resolusi 2758)
Kuba
Cekoslowakia → bubar (anggota PBB saat ini yang sebelumnya merupakan Cekoslowakia: Republik Ceko dan Slowakia)^[F]
Denmark
Republik Dominika
Mesir → Republik Arab Bersatu (ketika bergabung dengan Suriah)^[A] → Mesir
El Salvador
Perancis
Haiti
Iran → Republik Islam Iran
Lebanon
Luksemburg
Selandia Baru
Nikaragua
Paraguay
Persemakmuran Filipina → Republik Filipina → Filipina
Polandia
Arab Saudi
Uni Soviet → Rusia (negara pengganti)
Syria → United Arab Republic (ketika bergabung dengan Mesir)^[A] → Republik Arab Suriah
Turki
RSS Ukraina → Ukraina
Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara
Amerika Serikat
Yugoslavia → bubar (negara pengganti Republik Federal Yugoslavia secara de facto ditangguhkan dari PBB lewat SCR 777 dan GAR 47/1; anggota PBB yang sebelumnya merupaakn Yugoslavia: Bosnia dan Herzegovina, Kroasia, Republik Makedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, dan Slovenia^[G]

25 Oktober 1945

Yunani

30 Oktober 1945

India

31 Oktober 1945

Peru

1 November 1945

Australia

2 November 1945

5 November 1945

Kolombia

7 November 1945

Meksiko
Uni Afrika Selatan → Afrika Selatan

9 November 1945

Kanada

13 November 1945

14 November 1945

Bolivia → Bolivia (Republik Plurinasional)

15 November 1945

Venezuela → Venezuela (Republik Bolivarian)

21 November 1945

Guatemala

27 November 1945

Norwegia

10 Desember 1945

Belanda

17 Desember 1945

Honduras

18 Desember 1945

Uruguay

21 Desember 1945

Ekuador
Irak

27 Desember 1945

Belgia

1946

19 November 1946

Afghanistan (SCR 8, GAR 34)
Islandia (SCR 8, GAR 34)
Swedia (SCR 8, GAR 34)

16 Desember 1946

Siam (SCR 13, GAR 101) → Thailand

1947

30 September 1947

Pakistan (SCR 29, GAR 108)
Yaman Utara (SCR 29, GAR 108) → Yaman (setelah bergabung dengan Yaman Selatan^[D]

1948

19 April 1948

Burma (SCR 45, GAR 188) → Myanmar

1949

11 Mei 1949

Israel (SCR 69, GAR 273)

1950-an

1950

28 September 1950

Indonesia (SCR 86, GAR 491)^[C]

1955

14 Desember 1955

(semuanya diterima lewat SCR 109 dan GAR 995)

Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Kamboja → Republik Khmer → Cambodia → Demokratik Kampuchea → Kamboja
Ceylon → Sri Lanka
Finlandia
Hongaria (permohonan disampaikan pada tahun 1947 lewat SCR 24)
Irlandia
Italia (permohonan disampaikan pada tahun 1947 lewat SCR 25)
Yordania
Laos → Republik Demokratik Rakyat Lao
Libya → Republik Arab Libya → Jamahiriya Arab Libya → Libya
Nepal
Portugal
Rumania
Spanyol

1956

12 November 1956

Sudan (SCR 112, GAR 1110)
Maroko (SCR 115, GAR 1111)
Tunisia (SCR 116, GAR 1112)

18 Desember 1956

Jepang (SCR 121, GAR 1113)

1957

8 Maret 1957

Ghana (SCR 124, GAR 1118)

17 September 1957

Federasi Malaya (SCR 125, GAR 1134) → Malaysia

1958

22 Februari 1958

Mesir dan Syria bergabung menjadi Republik Arab Bersatu^[A]

12 Desember 1958

Guinea (SCR 131, GAR 1325)

1960-an

1960

20 September 1960

Cameroun (SCR 133, GAR 1476) → Kamerun → Republik Bersatu Kamerun → Kamerun
Togo (SCR 136, GAR 1477)
Madagaskar (SCR 140, GAR 1478)
Somalia (SCR 141, GAR 1479)
Congo (Léopoldville) (SCR 142, GAR 1480) → Zaire → Republik Demokratik Kongo
Dahomey (SCR 147, GAR 1481) → Benin
Niger (SCR 148, GAR 1482)
Volta Hulu (SCR 149, GAR 1483) → Burkina Faso
Pantai Gading (SCR 150, GAR 1484) → Côte d'Ivoire
Chad (SCR 151, GAR 1485)
Kongo (Brazzaville) (SCR 152, GAR 1486) → Republik Rakyat Kongo → Republik Kongo
Gabon (SCR 153, GAR 1487)
Republik Afrika Tengah (SCR 154, GAR 1488) → Kekaisaran Afrika Tengah → Republik Afrika Tengah
Siprus (SCR 155, GAR 1489)

28 September 1960

Senegal (SCR 139 dan SCR 158, GAR 1490)
Mali (SCR 139 dan SCR 159, GAR 1491)

7 Oktober 1960

Nigeria (SCR 160, GAR 1492)

1961

27 September 1961

Sierra Leone (SCR 165, GAR 1623)

27 Oktober 1961

Mongolia (SCR 166, GAR 1630)
Mauritania (SCR 167, GAR 1631)

14 Desember 1961

Tanganyika (SCR 170, GAR 1667) → Republik Bersatu Tanzania (setelah bergabung dengan Zanzibar)^[B]

1962

18 September 1962

Rwanda (SCR 172, GAR 1748)
Burundi (SCR 173, GAR 1749)
Jamaika (SCR 174, GAR 1750)
Trinidad dan Tobago (SCR 175, GAR 1751)

8 Oktober 1962

{{flag|Aljazair} (SCR 176, GAR 1754)

25 Oktober 1962

Uganda (SCR 177, GAR 1758)

1963

14 Mei 1963

Kuwait (GAR 1872)

16 Desember 1963

Zanzibar (SCR 184, GAR 1975) → bergabung dengan Tanganyika (now Republik Bersatu Tanzania)^[B]
Kenya (SCR 185, GAR 1976)

1964

1 Desember 1964

Malawi (SCR 195, General Assembly decision)
Malta (SCR 196, General Assembly decision)
Zambia (SCR 197, General Assembly decision)

1965

20 Januari 1965

Indonesia keluar dari PBB^[C]

21 September 1965

Gambia (SCR 200, GAR 2008)
Maladewa (SCR 212, GAR 2009)
Singapura (SCR 213, GAR 2010)

1966

20 September 1966

Guyana (SCR 223, GAR 2133)

28 September 1966

Indonesia kembali bergabung dengan PBB^[C]

17 Oktober 1966

Botswana (SCR 224, GAR 2136)
Lesotho (SCR 225, GAR 2137)

9 Desember 1966

Barbados (SCR 230, GAR 2175)

1967

14 Desember 1967

Yaman Selatan (SCR 243, GAR 2310) → bergabung dengan Yaman Utara (sekarang bersatu menjadi Yaman)^[D]

1968

24 April 1968

Mauritius (SCR 249, GAR 2371)

24 September 1968

Swaziland (SCR 257, GAR 2376)

12 November 1968

Guinea Khatulistiwa (SCR 260, GAR 2384)

1970-an

1970

13 Oktober 1970

Fiji (SCR 287, GAR 2622)

1971

21 September 1971

Bhutan (SCR 292, GAR 2751)
Bahrain (SCR 296, GAR 2752)
Qatar (SCR 297, GAR 2753)

7 Oktober 1971

Oman (SCR 299, GAR 2754)

9 Desember 1971

Uni Emirat Arab (SCR 304, GAR 2794)

1973

18 September 1973

Republik Federal Jerman (SCR 335, GAR 3050) → Germany (negara bersatu setelah bergabungnya Republik Demokratik Jerman)^[E]
Republik Demokratik Jerman (SCR 335, GAR 3050) → bergabung dengan Republik Federal Jerman (sekarang Jerman)^[E]
Bahama (SCR 336, GAR 3051)

1974

17 September 1974

Bangladesh (SCR 351, GAR 3203)
Grenada (SCR 352, GAR 3204)
Guinea-Bissau (SCR 356, GAR 3205)

1975

16 September 1975

Tanjung Verde (SCR 372, GAR 3363)
São Tomé dan Príncipe (SCR 373, GAR 3364)
Republik Rakyat Mozambique (SCR 374, GAR 3365) → Mozambik

10 Oktober 1975

Papua Nugini (SCR 375, GAR 3368)

12 November 1975

Komoro (SCR 376, GAR 3385)

4 Desember 1975

Suriname (SCR 382, GAR 3413)

1976

21 September 1976

Seychelles (SCR 394, GAR 31/1)

1 Desember 1976

Republik Rakyat Angola (SCR 397, GAR 31/44) → Angola

15 Desember 1976

Samoa Barat (SCR 399, GAR 31/104) → Samoa

1977

20 September 1977

Djibouti (SCR 412, GAR 32/1)
Vietnam (SCR 413, GAR 32/2)

1978

19 September 1978

Kepulauan Solomon (SCR 433, GAR 33/1)

18 Desember 1978

Dominica (SCR 442, GAR 33/107)

1979

18 September 1979

Saint Lucia (SCR 453, GAR 34/1)

1980-an

1980

25 Agustus 1980

Zimbabwe (SCR 477, GAR S-11/1)

16 September 1980

Saint Vincent dan Grenadines (SCR 464, GAR 35/1)

1981

15 September 1981

Vanuatu (SCR 489, GAR 36/1)

25 September 1981

Belize (SCR 491, GAR 36/3)

11 November 1981

Antigua dan Barbuda (SCR 492, GAR 36/26)

1983

23 September 1983

Saint Kitts dan Nevis (SCR 537, GAR 38/1)

1984

21 September 1984

Brunei Darussalam (SCR 548, GAR 39/1)

1990-an

1990

23 April 1990

Namibia (SCR 652, GAR S-18/1)

18 September 1990

Liechtenstein (SCR 663, GAR 45/1)

1991

17 September 1991

Korea Utara (SCR 702, GAR 46/1)
Korea Selatan (SCR 702, GAR 46/1)
Federasi Mikronesia (SCR 703, GAR 46/2)
Kepulauan Marshall (SCR 704, GAR 46/3)
Estonia (SCR 709, GAR 46/4)
Latvia (SCR 710, GAR 46/5)
Lithuania (SCR 711, GAR 46/6)

1992

2 Maret 1992

Kazakhstan (SCR 732, GAR 46/224)
Armenia (SCR 735, GAR 46/227)
Kyrgyzstan (SCR 736, GAR 46/225)
Uzbekistan (SCR 737, GAR 46/226)
Tajikistan (SCR 738, GAR 46/228)
Moldova (SCR 739, GAR 46/223)
Turkmenistan (SCR 741, GAR 46/229)
Azerbaijan (SCR 742, GAR 46/230)
San Marino (SCR 744, GAR 46/231)

22 Mei 1992

Kroasia (SCR 753, GAR 46/238)
Slovenia (SCR 754, GAR 46/236)
Republik Bosnia dan Herzegovina (SCR 755, GAR 46/237) → Bosnia dan Herzegovina

31 Juli 1992

Georgia (SCR 763, GAR 46/241)

1993

19 Januari 1993

Slowakia (SCR 800, GAR 47/222)
Republik Ceko (SCR 801, GAR 47/221)

8 April 1993

Bekas Republik Yugoslav Makedonia (nama sementara) (SCR 817, GAR 47/225)

28 Mei 1993

Eritrea (SCR 828, GAR 47/230)
Monako (SCR 829, GAR 47/231)

28 Juli 1993

Andorra (SCR 848, GAR 47/232)

1994

15 Desember 1994

Palau (SCR 963, GAR 49/63)

1999

14 September 1999

Kiribati (SCR 1248, GAR 54/1)
Nauru (SCR 1249, GAR 54/2)
Tonga (SCR 1253, GAR 54/3)

2000-an

2000

5 September 2000

Tuvalu (SCR 1290, GAR 55/1)

1 November 2000

Republik Federal Yugoslavia (SCR 1326, GAR 55/12) → Serbia dan Montenegro → Serbia (negara pengganti)

2002

10 September 2002

Swiss (SCR 1426, GAR 57/1)

27 September 2002

Templat:Country data Timor TImur (SCR 1414, GAR 57/3)

2006

28 Juni 2006

Montenegro (SCR 1691, GAR 60/264)

2010-an

2011

14 Juli 2011

Sudan Selatan (SCR 1999, GAR 65/308)

Ringkasan

Peta negara anggota PBB menurut dasawarsa tahun penerimaannya (bekas negara anggota di inset).

Berikut adaah ringkasan pertumbuhan keanggotaan PBB.^[5]

Tahun	# penerimaan	# anggota
1945	51	51
1946	4	55
1947	2	57
1948	1	58
1949	1	59
1950	1	60
1951–1954	0	60
1955	16	76
1956	4	80
1957	2	82
1958	1	^[A]82^[A]
1959	0	82
1960	17	99
1961	4	^[A]104^[A]
1962	6	110
1963	3	113
1964	3	^[B]115^[B]
1965	3	^[C]117^[C]
1966	4	^[C]122^[C]
1967	1	123
1968	3	126
1969	0	126
1970	1	127
1971	5	132
1972	0	132
1973	3	135
1974	3	138
1975	6	144
1976	3	147
1977	2	149
1978	2	151
1979	1	152
1980	2	154
1981	3	157
1982	0	157
1983	1	158
1984	1	159
1985–1989	0	159
1990	2	^[D][E]159^[D]^[E]
1991	7	166
1992	13	179
1993	6	^[F]184^[F]
1994	1	185
1995–1998	0	185
1999	3	188
2000	2	^[G]189^[G]
2001	0	189
2002	2	191
2003–2005	0	191
2006	1	192
2007–2010	0	192
2011	1	193
2012–sekarang	0	193

Lihat pula

Catatan

^ ^{a b c d e} Egypt dan Syria merged to form the United Arab Republic on 22 Februari 1958. They resumed as separate UN members on 13 Oktober 1961 after Syria resumed its status as an independent state.
^ ^{a b c} Tanganyika dan Zanzibar merged to form the United Republic of Tanganyika dan Zanzibar on 26 April 1964, which later changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania.
^ ^{a b c d e} Indonesia temporarily withdrew from the UN on 20 Januari 1965. It announced its intention "to resume full cooperation with the United Nations dan to resume participation in its activities" on 19 September 1966, dan was invited to rejoin the UN on 28 September 1966.
^ ^{a b c} Yaman dan Democratic Yaman merged on 22 Mei 1990, see Yamani unification for details.
^ ^{a b c} The German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 Oktober 1990, see German reunification for details.
^ ^{a b} Czechoslovakia ceased to be a UN member on 1 Januari 1993 after its dissolution into the Czech Republic dan Slovakia, see Dissolution of Czechoslovakia for details.
^ ^{a b} Yugoslavia (referring to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), effectively dissolved by 1992, was removed from the official roster of UN members in 2000 following the admission of Bosnia dan Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, dan the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (name later changed to Serbia dan Montenegro) as new UN members. For details see Breakup of Yugoslavia dan Yugoslav Wars.

Referensi

^ "What are Member States?". United Nations.
^ "Current Member States". United Nations.
^ "History of the United Nations". United Nations.
^ "Founding Member States". United Nations.
^ "Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present". United Nations.

[cnote_A] ^{a b c d e} Egypt dan Syria merged to form the United Arab Republic on 22 Februari 1958. They resumed as separate UN members on 13 Oktober 1961 after Syria resumed its status as an independent state.

[cnote_B] ^{a b c} Tanganyika dan Zanzibar merged to form the United Republic of Tanganyika dan Zanzibar on 26 April 1964, which later changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania.

[cnote_C] ^{a b c d e} Indonesia temporarily withdrew from the UN on 20 Januari 1965. It announced its intention "to resume full cooperation with the United Nations dan to resume participation in its activities" on 19 September 1966, dan was invited to rejoin the UN on 28 September 1966.

[cnote_D] ^{a b c} Yaman dan Democratic Yaman merged on 22 Mei 1990, see Yamani unification for details.

[cnote_E] ^{a b c} The German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 Oktober 1990, see German reunification for details.

[cnote_F] ^{a b} Czechoslovakia ceased to be a UN member on 1 Januari 1993 after its dissolution into the Czech Republic dan Slovakia, see Dissolution of Czechoslovakia for details.

[cnote_G] ^{a b} Yugoslavia (referring to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), effectively dissolved by 1992, was removed from the official roster of UN members in 2000 following the admission of Bosnia dan Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, dan the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (name later changed to Serbia dan Montenegro) as new UN members. For details see Breakup of Yugoslavia dan Yugoslav Wars.

[1] "What are Member States?". United Nations.

[2] "Current Member States". United Nations.

[3] "History of the United Nations". United Nations.

[4] "Founding Member States". United Nations.

[5] "Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present". United Nations.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[F]

[A]

[G]

[D]

[C]

[B]

[E]

[5]